East Asia China acts as a cultural hearth in East Asia. Most of the region’s nations have, at one time, been controlled by China or influenced by its culture

China

Early Civilization  China was ruled by powerful families called dynasties. The head of the dynasty was called the emperor.  China has a history of invasions. In 215 B.C., the Great Wall was built (1500 miles) for protection, but did not work

Europeans Arrive  China is isolated until Europeans, like Marco Polo, arrive in 1200s  In 1800s, European powers seek access to Chinese markets Treaties force weak China to give Europeans privileges Treaties force weak China to give Europeans privileges  Chinese anger over outside control leads to 1900 Boxer Rebellion Chinese militants kill Europeans, Chinese Christians Chinese militants kill Europeans, Chinese Christians stopped by multinational force stopped by multinational force

Communist Revolution  Nationalist Party took over the government in 1912, making the country a republic (Chiang Kai- shek)  1920s-1930s the Communist Party grows in power (Mao Zedong)  Civil War between the Nationalists and Communists until the Communists win in 1949 In 1949 the Communists set up the People’s Republic of China In 1949 the Communists set up the People’s Republic of China The nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan creating the Republic of China The nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan creating the Republic of China

Economy  China is largely rural society, agriculturally self-sufficient  Only 13% of land is suitable for farming  During communism, industrial growth stunted 1980s markets open and economy grows 1980s markets open and economy grows

Population Patterns  One-fifth of world’s people live in China population is about 1.3 billion population is about 1.3 billion  70% of people live in 12 eastern provinces in west, 6% of nation’s people live on 55% of its land in west, 6% of nation’s people live on 55% of its land

Mongolia

Government  Mongols are nomadic herders until Genghis Khan conquers Central Asia  Mongolia becomes Communist in 1924 remains Communist until 1989 fall of USSR remains Communist until 1989 fall of USSR  Mongolia now moving toward democracy

Economy  Many herd, manage livestock (sheep, goats, camels, horses, cattle)  Developing industries while making difficult shift to market economy Soviets guided economy for 70 years, state owned factories Soviets guided economy for 70 years, state owned factories

Taiwan

History and Culture  Japanese take Taiwan (Formosa) in 1895 after victory over China  Chinese Nationalists lose to Communists, flee to island in 1949 establish Republic of China; not recognized by China establish Republic of China; not recognized by China  Population and culture is almost exclusively Chinese  Most speak official language of Northern Chinese (Mandarin)

North and South Korea

History   China and Japan conquer Korea throughout history Japan conquers Korea in 1910, rules until WWII defeat in 1945   After WWII: NK controlled by USSR SK controlled by U.S.   In 1950, NK troops invade SK, begin Korean War 1953 treaty ends war, divides peninsula   NK is Communist state, SK is democracy two nations remain hostile reunification discussions have begun

Culture  Korea adopts many philosophical, religious ideas from China Confucian, Buddhist influences Confucian, Buddhist influences  Both North and South Korea build huge armies after WWII  Danger of war always looms—2 million troops on both sides of border

Japan Japan is the economic giant of East Asia

Ancient Japan  Ruled by clans  In 1192, after a clan struggle, emperor creates shogun position shogun—general of emperor’s army with military dictator powers shogun—general of emperor’s army with military dictator powers controls officials, judges, armies; picks governors controls officials, judges, armies; picks governors

World Power  By the early 20th century, Japan is a major power  Expanding empire puts Japan’s interests in conflict with U.S  U.S. occupies Japan; brings political, economic reforms  Japan becomes democracy constitutional monarchy with emperor and elected parliament constitutional monarchy with emperor and elected parliament

Economy  Post-war economic boom makes Japan’s economy second in size to U.S  75% live in cities; 60% live on 2.7% of land  Japan imports resources to manufacture products for export exports autos, electronics, computers exports autos, electronics, computers

Western Influences  Popular sports are baseball, golf, sumo wrestling, soccer, tennis  Most clothes are Western; traditional clothes for special occasions  Western music is popular, including rock, classical, jazz younger Japanese form rock bands younger Japanese form rock bands  Japan balances its own traditional styles with Western influences

Education   Highly structured educational system students in school six days a week; six weeks of summer vacation six years of elementary, three of junior high, three of high school   Japan has more than 1,000 universities and technical schools