Munich Conference

International Agreements Rome-Berlin Axis – When: October, 1936 – Between: Italy and Germany Anti-Comintern Pact – When: November, 1936 – Between: Japan and Germany Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact – When: August, 1939 – Between: Germany and Russia

AlliesAxis

Battle of Britain July-October, 1940 Britain only Allied nation left in West Luftwaffe (German air force) bombs military, civilian targets Britain survives; Germany not able to invade Britain

Take a stance! Write a letter to President Roosevelt: – Should the U.S. remain isolated? – Should the U.S. get involved in the war? In your letter… – Why is your option good? – Why is the other option bad? – Give specific, historical reasons – You’re writing in the summer/fall of 1941

Pearl Harbor: The Facts Who/What: Japan air attack vs. U.S. naval base When: Sunday, December 7, 1941 (8-10 a.m.) Where: Oahu, Hawaii (main U.S. Pacific Naval Base) Why: destroy U.S. Pacific Navy and control the area Results: – killed, wounded (1,177 on U.S.S. Arizona) – 20 ships sunk or damaged – 350 planes destroyed or damaged

Pearl Harbor: The Consequences Japanese short-term victory – Gain dominance in Pacific Could have been worse… – All 3 aircraft carriers absent – Shallow water – Missed U.S. oil storage Isolationism is done – U.S. declares war on Japan – Germany declares war on U.S.

U.S. at War Presidential Address to Congress December 8, 1941 “A date which will live in infamy…”

Battle of Midway June 4, 1942

Island Hopping

Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima (Feb-March, 1945) – 650 miles from Japan – 23,000+ U.S. casualties Okinawa (April, 1945) – 340 miles from Japan – 50,000+ U.S. casualties

Stalingrad Casualties August 1942 – February 1943 Germany 850,000 – 5,200 per day Soviet Union 1,130,000 – 6,900 per day

D-Day Who: 156,000+ Allied troops vs. Nazi Germany – 12,000 casualties in one day What/Where: amphibious invasion of Normandy, France – 1 st step of “Operation Overlord”  retake W. Europe from Hitler When: June 6, 1944 Why: – Secure beaches of Normandy – Pave way for more Allied troops to come in 2 weeks later: 1,000,000+ men – Liberate France and begin march toward Germany

Battle of the Bulge Germany tries to regain ground Creates “bulge” in Allied lines What happened? – “Bulge” erased – Allies move on toward Germany “V-E Day” (Victory in Europe) – Germany surrenders – Celebrated May 8, 1945

V-E Day: May 8, 1945 (NYC)

Hiroshima: August 6, 1945

Nagasaki: August 9, 1945

V-J Day: August 15, 1945 (NYC)