Three distinct layers Crust - Outermost layer - solid Mantle - Below crust -liquid Core - Innermost layer - solid/liquid Varies in types of rock, density, temperature, state of matter, and thickness

Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle Outer Core Inner Core

Lithosphere (“Rock Layer”) - cool, solid portion of Earth; outermost, rigid layer includes: crust and part of upper layer of mantle Asthenosphere - (“Plastic layer”) found beneath the lithosphere; solid rock that flows slowly includes: upper layers of mantle {

Mesosphere - Strong lower part of the mantle; largest part of mantle includes: lower part of mantle

Upper mantle Lower mantle Outer core Inner core Upper mantle Lower mantle Outer core Inner core Crust ] Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere

The lithosphere is broken into pieces These pieces are called tectonic plates

¡Very low pressure (less than 1million atm) ¡Density is an average of 2.7g/ml ¡Made primarily of oxygen and silicon Less dense Light igneous rock (felsic) Basalt and some granite About 32km thick More dense Dark igneous rock (mafic) Basalt About 10km thick

“Plastic” substance; some properties of solid and some of liquid Made mostly of silicon, oxygen, iron, & magnesium degrees Celsius g/ml density million atm of pressure 80% of Earth’s volume and 67% of Earth’s mass MOHO

 Dense SOLID made of iron and nickel  5000 degrees Celsius  11.5g/ml in density  3-4 million atm of pressure  Solid due to pressure  Magnetic  MOLTEN LIQUID made of iron and nickel  degrees Celsius  g/ml in density  2 million atm of pressure  Possibly aids in keeping the Earth in orbit About 1/3 of Earth’s mass

 Between each layer of the Earth is a transition zone  These areas possess some characteristics of each bordering layer  One example:  MOHO; between crust and mantle