Gram-positive non-spore-forming bacilli 2011274011 문예솔 (발표) 2011274020 최아람 (자료조사) 2011274035 윤희나 (Quiz) 2011274038 서희 (PPT제작)

Contents Gram positive non-spore Regular non-spore Irregular Listeria Erysipelothrix non-spore Irregular Corynebacterium Diphtheria Propionibacterium

Gram positive

Gram-positive regular non-spore-forming bacilli

Gram-positive regular non-spore-forming bacilli Stain uniformly not assume pleomorphic shapes

Gram-positive regular non-spore-forming bacilli Lactobacillus, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Kurthia, Caryophanon, Bronshothrix, Renibacterium In intestinal tract, vagina of human

Listeria 인체의 유산을 일으키는 병원균 작은 간균으로 주위에 생긴 섬모로 운동

An emerging food-borne pathogen :Listeria monocytogenes Tumbling with motility, with 1-4 flagella (20~25℃) Not produce capsule or spore Resistant to cold, heat, salt, pH extremes, and bile

An emerging food-borne pathogen :Listeria monocytogenes β-hemolytic Intracelluar pathogen Unique multiplication cycle

Listeriosis Epidemiology & Pathology The primary reservoir (water, soil) Secondary sources of infection (plant materials, the intestines of healthy mammals, birds, fish, invertebrates) Ingesting contaminated milk, cheeses, ice cream, poultry, meat, in dairy product

Listeriosis Predisposing factor : weakened condition of host defenses in intestine mucosa In normal adults : mild of subclinical infection(fever, diarrhea, sore throat) In immunocompromised patients, fetuses, neonates : infection of the brain and meninges → septicemia

Listeriosis Pregnant women : Transmitted to the infant Intrauterine infection → premature abortion, fetal death Neonatal infections → damage to the nervous system .

Listeriosis Recent outbreaks - 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak

Listeriosis Diagnosis Cold enrichment ELISA Immunofluorescence Specimen is held at 4℃ and periodically plated onto media but this procedure can take 4 weeks ELISA Immunofluorescence

Listeriosis Control Ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Erythromycin Cold storage : not an effective control measure

Erysipelothrix Erysipelothrix Erysi / pelo / thrix Gram (+) Catalase (-) Rod shaped Endotoxin X Non spore and capsule Mobility X

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : A zoonotic pathogen Epidemiology , Pathology and Control Primary reservoir : tonsils of healthy pigs, sheep, chickens, fish In sewage, seawater, soils, foods Swine erysipelas

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : A zoonotic pathogen Human infection : erysipeloid Handle animals, carcasses, meats(slaughterhouse workers, butchers) Swollen, inflamed, dark red lesions that burn and itch Penicillin, Erythromycin

Gram-positive irregular non-spore-forming bacilli

Gram-positive irregular non-spore-forming bacilli Pleomorphic, stain unevenly Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium Catalase (+) Unique type of peptidoglycan

Corynebacterium 주걱 형의 장 간균 Mobility x Spore X 균 체 내에 이염소체가 나타남 C.xerosis, C.striatum, C.diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Straight or somewhat curved rod pleomorphic club filamentous, swollen shapes Palisade arrangement

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Metachromatic granule → metachromatic granules dyeing Found in tonsil, pharynx, larynx

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Epidemiology Significant cause of morbidity and mortality Non-immunized children(1 – 10years) living in crowded, unsanitary situation

Diphtheria Pathology Contact with the droplets from human carriers Local infection (Cutaneous diphtheria) Toxin production and toxemia Primary infection site : the upper respiratory tract (2차 : Cutaneous diphtheria)

Diphtheria Pathology 감염 부위에서 매우 강력한 외독소 (diphtherotoxin) 생산 혈액 내에 침입하지 않고도 독소로 인해 전신 증상을 나타낼 수 있다.

Diphtheria Diphtherotoxin : 2 polypeptide fragment Fragment A interacts with factors in the cytoplasm and arrests protein synthesis Fragment B binds to and is endocytosed by mammalian target cells in the heart and nervous system

Diphtheria - 활성화 1) 독소 단백질이 세균 밖으로 분비될 때 leader sequence가 절단 2) 이 황화 결합으로 연결된 독소의 두 polypeptide가 분리되어야 한다. - 철분 농도가 낮을 때 유도되며 디프테리아 독소억제인자에 의해 조절된다.

Diphtheria Symtoms * pseudomembrane Local : inflammatory reaction, fever, sore throat, vomiting, enlarged cervical lymph nodes * pseudomembrane

Diphtheria Symtoms Systemic : toxemia → muscle weakness & paralysis → myocarditis & abnormal EKG patterns

Diphtheria Diagnosis Gray membrane, swelling in the throat → presumptive diagnosis & treatment PCR analysis

Diphtheria Diagnosis Positive Schick test - diphtheriae 변성 독소를 주입하여 반응 여부 검사 - 백신의 이차적인 부작용 결과를 최소화

Diphtheria treatment Prevention Diphtheria anti-toxin(DAT) : allergy test Bronchoscopy -> Tracheostomy Prevention Vaccination with toxoid : DPT

Propionibacterium Aerotolerant or anaerobic, nontoxigenic Propionibacterium acnes Genetic and hormonal factors

Reference 의학미생물학 / 대한미생물학회 / 엘스비어코리아(유) / 2009년11월 진단미생물학Ⅰ,Ⅱ / Betty A. Forbes 외2명 / 12판 Foundation in microbiology / Talaro / 7판

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