1. 2011274011 문예솔 ( 발표 ) 2011274020 최아람 ( 자료조사 ) 2011274035 윤희나 (Quiz) 2011274038 서희 (PPT 제작 ) G ram-positive non-spore-forming bacilli

2. Contents  Gram positive  non-spore Regular  Listeria  Erysipelothrix  non-spore Irregular  Corynebacterium  Diphtheria  Propionibacterium

3. Gram positive

5. Gram-positive regular non-spore-forming bacilli

6. Gram-positive regular non-spore- forming bacilli Stain uniformly not assume pleomorphic shapes

7. Lactobacillus, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Kurthia, Caryophanon, Bronshothrix, Renibacterium In intestinal tract, vagina of human Gram-positive regular non-spore- forming bacilli

8. 인체의 유산을 일으키는 병원균 작은 간균으로 주위에 생긴 섬모로 운동 Listeria

9. An emerging food-borne pathogen :Listeria monocytogenes Tumbling with motility, with 1-4 flagella (20~25 ℃ ) Not produce capsule or spore Resistant to cold, heat, salt, pH extremes, and bile

10. β-hemolytic Intracelluar pathogen Unique multiplication cycle An emerging food-borne pathogen :Listeria monocytogenes

11. Listeriosis  Epidemiology & Pathology The primary reservoir (water, soil) Secondary sources of infection (plant materials, the intestines of healthy mammals, birds, fish, invertebrates) Ingesting contaminated milk, cheeses, ice cream, poultry, meat, in dairy product

12. Listeriosis Predisposing factor : weakened condition of host defenses in intestine mucosa In normal adults : mild of subclinical infection(fever, diarrhea, sore throat) In immunocompromised patients, fetuses, neonates : infection of the brain and meninges → septicemia

13. Listeriosis Pregnant women : Transmitted to the infant – Intrauterine infection → premature abortion, fetal death – Neonatal infections → damage to the nervous system

14. Listeriosis  Recent outbreaks - 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak

15. Listeriosis  Diagnosis Cold enrichment Specimen is held at 4 ℃ and periodically plated onto media but this procedure can take 4 weeks ELISA Immunofluorescence

16. Listeriosis  Control Ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Erythromycin Cold storage : not an effective control measure

17. Erysipelothrix  Erysipelothrix Erysi / pelo / thrix Gram (+) Catalase (-) Rod shaped Endotoxin X Non spore and capsule Mobility X

18. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : A zoonotic pathogen  Epidemiology, Pathology and Control Primary reservoir : tonsils of healthy pigs, sheep, chickens, fish In sewage, seawater, soils, foods Swine erysipelas

19. Human infection : erysipeloid –Handle animals, carcasses, meats(slaughterhouse workers, butchers) –Swollen, inflamed, dark red lesions that burn and itch Penicillin, Erythromycin Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : A zoonotic pathogen

20. Gram-positive irregular non-spore-forming bacilli

21. Gram-positive irregular non-spore- forming bacilli Pleomorphic, stain unevenly Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium Catalase (+) Unique type of peptidoglycan

22. Gram-positive irregular non-spore- forming bacilli Peptidoglycan

23. Corynebacterium 주걱 형의 장 간균 Mobility x Spore X 균 체 내에 이염소체가 나타남 C.xerosis, C.striatum, C.diphtheriae

24. Corynebacterium diphtheriae Straight or somewhat curved rod pleomorphic club filamentous, swollen shapes Palisade arrangement

25. Metachromatic granule → metachromatic granules dyeing Found in tonsil, pharynx, larynx Corynebacterium diphtheriae

26.  Epidemiology Significant cause of morbidity and mortality Non-immunized children(1 – 10years) living in crowded, unsanitary situation Corynebacterium diphtheriae

27. Diphtheria  Pathology Contact with the droplets from human carriers Local infection (Cutaneous diphtheria) Toxin production and toxemia Primary infection site : the upper respiratory tract (2 차 : Cutaneous diphtheria)

28. Diphtheria  Pathology 감염 부위에서 매우 강력한 외독소 (diphtherotoxin) 생산 혈액 내에 침입하지 않고도 독소로 인해 전신 증상을 나타낼 수 있다.

29. Diphtherotoxin : 2 polypeptide fragment –Fragment A interacts with factors in the cytoplasm and arrests protein synthesis –Fragment B binds to and is endocytosed by mammalian target cells in the heart and nervous system Diphtheria

30. - 활성화 1) 독소 단백이 세균 밖으로 분비될 때 leader sequence 가 절단 2) 이 황화 결합으로 연결된 독소의 두 polypeptide 가 분리되어야 한다. - 철분 농도가 낮을 때 유도되며 디프테리아 독소억제인자에 의해 조절된다. Diphtheria

31. Symtoms –Local : inflammatory reaction, fever, sore throat, vomiting, enlarged cervical lymph nodes * pseudomembrane Diphtheria

32. Symtoms –Systemic : toxemia → muscle weakness & paralysis → myocarditis & abnormal EKG patterns Diphtheria

33.  Diagnosis Gray membrane, swelling in the throat → presumptive diagnosis & treatment Simple stain, Gram-stain PCR analysis Positive Schick test Differenetiate C. diphtheriae from diphtheriods ( C. xerosis, C. pseudodiphtheriticum ) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

34.  Diagnosis Positive Schick test - diphtheriae 변성 독소를 주입하여 반응 여부 검사 - 백신의 이차적인 부작용 결과를 최소화 Corynebacterium diphtheriae

35.  treatment Diphtheria anti-toxin(DAT) : allergy test Bronchoscopy -> Tracheostomy  Prevention Vaccination with toxoid : DPT Corynebacterium diphtheriae

36. Aerotolerant or anaerobic, nontoxigenic Propionibacterium acnes Genetic and hormonal factors Propionibacterium

37. QUIZ

38. What is wrong characteristic of Corynebacterium? 1. Shick test + 2. Non-spore Gram positive 3. Mobility + 4. Catalase + 5. All strain of Corynebacterium is pathogenic

39. What is wrong explain of C.diphtheriae? 1.Generate diphtherotoxin that endocytosed in the mucose 2.Generate toxin that inhibit protein synthesis of host cell 3.Don`t have a specific metachromatic granule

40. Which of the following are characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes ? ⓐ Gram positive ⓑ motility ⓒ β-hemolytic ⓓ Catalase positive 1. ⓐ, ⓑ 2. ⓐ, ⓒ 3. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓓ 4. ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ

41. What is infection site of Listeria monocytogens? 1. Scar tissue 2. Respiratory system 3. Intestine 4. Bitten by insects

42. What is treatment and prevention of diphtheria? Treatment -Tracheostomy, DAT(Diphtheria anti toxin) Prevention -DPT

43. 의학미생물학 / 대한미생물학회 / 엘스비어 코리아 ( 유 ) / 2009 년 11 월 진단미생물학Ⅰ, Ⅱ / Betty A. Forbes 외 2 명 / 12 판 Foundation in microbiology / Talaro / 7 판 Reference

44. Thank you