1. GRAM POSITIVE NON-SPORE FORMING BACTERIA
Prepared by:
Miss Norzawani Jaffar & Mr Norazli Ghadin
Bsc (Hons) Biomedical Sciences, UKM

2. Learning Outcome
Student could list the name of Gram +ve Nonspore forming bacteria
Student could classified the group of bacteria in the topic.
Student could discuss common identification characreristic of each genus.
Student could able to relate the bacteria with disease.

3. Gram Positive Bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria, stained purple, of both the bacillus (“rod-shaped”) and coccus (spherical) forms. 
Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining.
This is in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria, which cannot retain the crystal violet stain, instead taking up the counterstain (safranin or fuchsine) and appearing red or pink.
Gram-positive organisms are able to retain the crystal violet stain because of the high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
Gram-positive cell walls typically lack the outer membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria.

4. GRAM POSITIVE NONSPORE-FORMING BACILLI (Genus)
Regular, aerobic.
Lactobacillus
Listeria
Erysipelothrix
Rhotia
Arcanobacterium
Irregular
Aerobe Corynebacterium
Anaerobic
Propionibacterium
Bifidobacterium
Eubacterium

5. Regular, aerobic Lactobacillus sp.
Catalase negative, nonmotile, nitrate reducer, glucose fermenter.
Normal flora at vagina, intestinal tract and oral cavity
Use for commercial industry

6. Regular, aerobic L. monocytogenes cause Listeriosis (high fatality)
Listeria sp 6 species.
L. monocytogenes cause Listeriosis (high fatality)
Suspected in immunocompromise patient
Noncapsulated, motile, catalase +ve, D-glucose fermenter, beta hemolitic, API LISTERIA®

8. Regular, aerobic Erysipelothrix
Erysipelothrichaceae (Verbarg et al., 2004), is Gram-positive but may appear Gram negative
Strains are nonencapsulated, nonsporulating, nonmotile, straight, or slightly curved, slender rods with rounded ends, some show a tendency to form long filaments. Organisms are arranged singly, in short chains, or in pairs in a “V” configuration or are grouped randomly.
optimal temperature 30–37°C, pH of 7.2–7.6
a facultative anaerobe. Growth is improved by 5–10% carbon dioxide. Heating at 60 °C for 15 min is lethal.

9. Regular, aerobic
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is able to grow in the presence of 0.2% phenol, 0.1% ,sodium azide, 0.001% crystal violet, 0.05% potassium tellurite, 0.02% thallous acetate, and 0.2% 2,3,5, triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride
catalase- negative and oxidase negative.
anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic with respiratory metabolism, and weakly fermentative.
Acid but no gas produced from glucose and other carbohydrate
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : in a mild cutaneous form known as erysipeloid

11. Regular, aerobic Rhotia
Identification with combination morphological and biochemical tests used for staphylococci and micrococci
nonmotile and spherical, cluster arranged.
Copious capsule
Oxidase and benzidine tests are negative
The catalase reaction is negative in 50%
Resistant to lysostaphin

12. Regular, aerobic Sugars is fermented anaerobically (acid but no gas)
Usual identification is combination of commercial identification systems, conventional biochemical tests and combined with adherence to agar surfaces, poor growth on Mueller-Hinton agar, and the presence of a capsule
Cause infection in patients with endocarditis, intravenous drug abuser, in patients with pre-existing valvular heart disease, and recurrent peritonitis during chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

15. Regular, aerobic Arcanobacterium
facultative anaerobic,
catalase negative,
rods (coccal shape old culture) occurs as the organism grows) with arrangements described as matchbox or Chinese letters arrangements.
Growth is enhanced in blood and by carbon dioxide.
Cause pharyingitis, sepsis and osteomyelitis
Sensitive to erythromycin(proposed as the first line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and cephalosporins.

17. irregular, aerobic Corynebacterium catalase positive,
non-spore-forming,
non-motile,
rod-shaped bacteria that are straight or slightly curved.
Have metachromatic granules
size falls between 2-6 umX 0.5 um.
The bacteria group together "V", "palisades", or "Chinese letters".
They are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophs, with a 51–65% genomic G:C content.
They are pleomorphic through their life cycle

18. irregular, aerobic Cause diphtheria (C. diphtheriae). Occur in
unvaccinated individuals,
those in developing countries,elderly,
neutropenic or immunocompromised patients, and those with
prosthetic devices
infect wounds, the vulva, the conjunctiva, and the middle ear.
It can be spread within a hospital
Other pathogenic species in humans include: C. amicolatum, C. striatum, C. jeikeium, C. urealyticum, and C. xerosis

20. irregular, anaerobic Propionibacterium P. acnes cause acne
slow growing,
Aerotolerant
can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis,
Commensal (skin ,gastrointestinal tract )
It lives primarily on, fatty acids
ability to generate propionic acid

22. irregular, anaerobic Bifidobacterium
non-motile, nonfilamentous, often branched,pleomorphic
occur singly or in many-celled chains or clumps.
Cells have no capsule
inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, vagina] and mouth (B. dentium).
Bifidobacteria aid in digestion allergies, prevent tumor growth[. probiotics.
G. vaginalis, which is Gram variable

23. irregular, anaerobic
negative for the following:
indole, gelatin hydrolysis, catalase , and oxidase.
growth temperature is 35–39°C
from 42–67 mol%.
chemoorganotrophs (fermentative)
produce acid but no gas from a variety of carbohydrates.

24. irregular, anaerobic Pathology
B. denticolens bacteria isolated from dental caries (and probably involved in caries pathology)
Gardnerella vaginalis that often assumes pathogenic character (such as in bacterial vaginosis and in urogenital tract infections of both sexes).

25. B.denticolens
G. vaginalis

26. irregular, anaerobic Eubacterium obligately anaerobic rods
that do not produce:
propionic acid as major acid
lactic acid alone
more acetic acid than lactic acid with and without formic acid
succinic acid (in the presence of carbon dioxide) and lactic acid with small amounts of acetic or formic acid

27. irregular, anaerobic

32. Q & A

33. MICROBIOLOGY II: TOPIC 2
Take note from
MICROBIOLOGY II: TOPIC 2