Chapter 20 Acids and Bases. Section 20.1 Describing Acids and Bases OBJECTIVES: Name an acid or base, when given the formula.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 20 Acids and Bases

Section 20.1 Describing Acids and Bases OBJECTIVES: Name an acid or base, when given the formula.

Acids

Bases

Properties of acids Taste sour Conduct electricity. Some are strong, other are weak electrolytes React with metals to form hydrogen gas. React with bases to form water and an ionic compound (salt). Turns blue litmus paper red/pink.

Properties of bases React with acids to form water and an ionic compound (salt). Taste bitter. Feel slippery (don’t try this either). Can be strong or weak electrolytes. Turns red litmus paper blue

Electrolytes

Types of Acids All have an H Binary Acids (Contains an H+ and an element) Ex. HCl, HF, HI, H 2 S Tertiary Acids (Contains an H+ and a polyatomic acid) Ex. H 3 (PO 4 ), H 2 (SO 4 )

Naming Binary Acids 1. Use prefix hydro 2. Use root of negative element and use suffix –ic 3. Add acid Example: HCl hydrochloric acid H 2 Shydrosulfuric acid

Writing Formulas for Binary Acids 1. Write the symbol H+ 2. Write the symbol for the other element with charge. 3. Criss-cross the charges to determine the subscripts. Example: Hydrofluoric acid HF Hydronitric acid H 3 N

Naming Tertiary Acids 1. Use the root of negative element 2. If the polyatomic ion ends with “ate” change the ending to “ic” and add the word acid. ***Remember, you ate something “ICKYYY!!!: 3. If the polyatomic ion ends with “ite” change the ending to “ous” and add the word acid.

Writing Formulas for Tertiary Acids Write the symbol H+ 2. Write the symbol for the other polyatomic ion with charge. 3. Criss-cross the charges to determine the subscripts. Example: Sulfuric AcidH 2 (SO 4 ) Nitrous acidH(NO 2 )

Naming Bases (Have an OH) 1. Name the metal (If it is a transitional metal, indicate the charge in parenthesis by uncrossing the subscript) 2. Name hydroxide

Example: Mg(OH) 2 Magnesium Hydroxide Cu(OH) 2 Copper (II) Hydroxide

Writing Formulas for Bases 1. Write the symbol for the metal with charge. 2. Write the symbol for hydroxide (OH - ) 3. Criss-Cross the charges. Examples: Tin (IV) Hydroxide Sn(OH) 4 Sodium Hydroxide Na(OH)