Vocabulary for Semester One

_______ is a time period in Europe when there was a “rebirth” of ancient Greek and Roman ideas, art, and architecture. __________ was a British playwright and poet who is considered among the greatest writers of all time. The roof of the Sistine Chapel is one of ___________ best works. He was also a sculptor, poet, and architect. Queen _________, the daughter of Henry VIII, turned England into a world power during her 45 year reign. _____________ was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. He improved the telescope and helped prove the heliocentric theory. The ________________ was Spain’s naval fleet during the 15 th century. __________ was a Portuguese navigator who was the first to sail around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope. The ___________ theory, developed by Copernicus stated that the planets revolved around the sun instead of around earth. ___________ was a Portuguese navigator who was the first European to sail to India. _____________ developed movable type for the printing press, which changed the world. _______________ is a type of government whereby it is rule by the people. _______________ was a medieval systems where loyalties were traded for protection.

_____________ was the George Washington of South America. A type of government whereby a king or queen rules because God appointed him or her is called a __________. ___________ was a religious movement that began in 16 th century Europe as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. The English philosopher who came up with the social contract was _____________________. A _______________ is an elected official who is authorized to make governmental decisions for their constituents. ___________ was the leader of the colonial army who became the father of the United States. _________________ is a monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation. ____________ was a bloodless overthrow of government against James II; there was little armed resistance to William and Mary in England. King _____________ began the English Reformation by separating from the Roman Catholic Church. ________________ were the name of the churches that were formed as a result of protests against the Roman Catholic Church. A ______________ is a document that forms a government. In 1789, the _________________ began with the storming of the Bastille.

King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I are examples of ___________ in England. A period in French history of brutal suppression or intimidation by those in power, resulting in thousands of deaths was the _________. During the 16 th and 17 th centuries the term __________ was used to indicate North and South America. The _____________ was to divide newly discovered land’s between Portugal and Spain. Portugal obtained lands to the east of the demarcation and Spain obtained lands to the west of the line. The ___________ is the leader of the Catholic Church. The __________ is the movement of people, animals, plants, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas in the 1400’s and the 1500’s The Age of _____________ focused on ways to create a government for protecting the rights of the individual. The ___________ made books and pamphlets faster and cheaper. People would pay an _______ to help pardon their sins. _____________ was an absolute monarch in France who proclaimed, “I am the State!” _____________ is a philosophy which puts an emphasis on the value of the individual. The __________ was the all embracing Christian Church which dominated people’s lives in Medieval Europe. A ___________ is a Spanish adventurer who came to the Americas in search of gold and to conquer.

As a result of the increase in trade, the ___________ class grew. ____________ told Queen Isabella that he would sail west to reach Asia. Instead, he accidentally bumped into another continent. The _______________ was a war between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers. _______________ began the Protestant Reformation by nailing his 95 thesis to the door of the Wittenberg Church. ______________ led the Parliamentary Roundheads to victory in the English Civil War. The WORLD’S FIRST RENAISSANCE MAN WAS ____________. A COMPLETE CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT IS CALLED A _____________________. _____________ was the leader of the Reign of Terror. _________ earned the nickname Madame Deficit because of incurring 10% of France’s debt. With the defeat of the _______________, England became the world’s sea power. _____________ helped win the French Revolution and eventually became emperor of France.