Industrial practice Industrial production methods There are four main types of industrial production methods: One-off production is when only one product is made at a time. Every product is different so it is labour intensive. Products may be made by hand or a combination of hand and machine methods. Batch production is when a small quantity of identical products are made. Batch production may also be labour intensive, but jigs and templates are used to aid production. Batches of the product can be made as often as required. The machines can be easily changed to produce a batch of a different product. Mass production is when hundreds of identical products are made, usually on a production line. Mass production often involves the assembly of a number of sub- assemblies of individual components. Parts may be bought from other companies. There is usually some automation of tasks (eg by using Computer Numerical Control machines) and this enables a smaller number of workers to output more products. Continuous flow production is when many thousands of identical products are made. The difference between this and mass production is that the production line is kept running 24 hours a day, seven days a week to maximise production and eliminate the extra costs of starting and stopping the production process. The process is highly automated and few workers are required.

Batch production is described like this…..

Visual example

CAD/CAM The production flow chart seen below is used to demonstrate the stages involved in manufacturing a product using batch production techniques. The example shows the stages of making the parts for the picnic table through CAD (computer aided design) and CAM (computer aided manufacture). Quality control is seen at two stages. This is when the product is checked for faults as it should be in perfect condition at each stage

Exam Question Q5a Now you need to choose a product that you know you could produce in the workshop. Think about how you would make it, what equipment do we have here that you would use? What batch equipment would you use? Q5a For this question I would draw the product and add in extra notes like: each part of the product / names of equipment used / features / how it would be assembled (brief) / sizes. Q5b - A concise and detailed response showing a good understanding of use of an assembly line in manufacturing complex products. 3 marks A sound response showing a basic understanding of use of an assembly line in manufacturing complex products. 2 marks A simplistic statement or only partially correct response. 1 mark

Exam Question (i) All main stages of assembly listed correct and in correct order. 3 marks Some main stages of assembly identified but information may be insufficiently, detailed and in wrong order. 2 marks Little or no main stages of assembly identified or information is vague and/or in wrong order. 1 mark (ii) Appropriate quality control measures identified and in the correct place. 2 marks Appropriate quality control measures identified but may not be in correct place. 1 mark Appropriate quality control measures may not have been identified or may be incorrect for the manufacturing process. 0 marks (iii) Correctly named tools and equipment for major stages of assembly and quantity of production. 2 marks At least one suitable item of tools or equipment identified. 1 mark (iv) Appropriate waste outputs and system for removal correctly identified. E.g. sprue removed from plastic components; off cuts of fabric and removal of excess threads from textiles products. 2 marks Appropriate waste output identified without removal system or vague waste/removal identified in brief. 1 mark

Exam Question Risks associated with using tools and equipment to assemble the product e.g. use of scissors, glue, clamps, general housekeeping rules such as trailing leads etc. Identified risk must be appropriate to product and assembly process described in 5(c). Appropriate H&S risk identified and described in sufficient detail. 2 marks Appropriate H&S risk identified but may not be sufficiently described. 1 mark Appropriate intervention or guideline identified to minimise risk e.g. stowing tools safely between uses, good ventilation when using toxic substances, safety goggles, keeping areas tidy, no trailing leads etc. Appropriate intervention described in sufficient detail. Intervention matches risk in (i). 2 marks Appropriate intervention identified but may not be sufficiently described. Intervention matches risk in (i). 1 mark