HUNGARIAN PARTICIPATION IN EU-LED AFRICAN OPERATIONS COLONEL JÁNOS BESENYŐ (PhD)

AGENDA  EU ARTEMIS  AMIS Support Mission  Advisory and support mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo  EU Military mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo  EU Chad/Central African Peace Operations  EU Naval Operation in Somalia  EU Training Mission in Somalia  EU operations in Libya  EU Mali training mission  EU operation in the Republic of Central-Africa  Conclusions

EU ARTEMIS Operation  T he EU’s first fully independent mission in the African continent – between12th June and 07th September 2003  Conflict between Hema and Lendu tribes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri)  No NATO support – French leadership – limited operation (time, area)!  Mandate (UNSC res. No. 1484):  enforcing stability in Bunia, securing the airport;  security tasks (facilitating the settlement of Hema–Lendu conflict);  humanitarian activities; protecting refugees and civilians  supporting operation of MONUC, protecting UN operatives and facilities  Interim Emergency Multinational Force – MONUC took over  17 countries/2548 personnel  Lt. Col. János Tomolya, Paris, national limitation

AMIS Support Mission  EU support to AMIS(African Union Mission in Sudan)/Darfur operation – between June 2005 and December 2007  Conflict between arabs and Africans – Sudan government part – AU peace support operation – EU financial and logistic support  Mandate:  operating and supporting AMIS II;  general and specialized training of African soldiers;  managing and implementing tactical-strategic air transports;  logistics supply, consulting - advisory group;  police assistance;  participating in humanitarian programs.  Maj. Ferenc Kajári - MO - June 2004 to June 2005, Kabkabiya, Capt. Janos Besenyo – log. advisor - June 2005 to December 2005

Advisory and Support Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo  EU Security Sector Reform Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (EUSEC RD Congo) - launched on 02 May  Mandate:  supporting Congolese government;  supporting the security and cooperation of the countries of African Great Lakes;  supporting the reform in the administration and financial system of the military, transforming the defense sector;  cooperating with the EUPOL CONGO RD peacekeeping mission;  humanitarian activities.  Mandate of the EU mission was extended, the personnel was increased to 60 people.  Registration – DDR programs – training – transformation of military structure – humanitarian programs  Hungarians from the begining

EU Military mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo  EUFOR RD Congo – from 12th June 2006 until 30th November 2006  Franco-German led mission – 21 Eu countries+ Turkey (2275 pers/20.9 million USD)  Mandate:  securing the Congolese parliamentary elections in accordance with the UNSC 1671 decision;  supporting the operation of MONUC;  supporting the Congolese government;  implementing security tasks;  protection of civilians;  securing the airport in Kinshasa;  humanitarian activities.  HQ in Potsdam (3 Hungarian officers/national restrictions), OHQ in Kinshasa N'Djilli – Libreville (1200 operational reserve)

EU Chad/Central African Peace Operations  European Union Chad / Central African Peace Operations (EUFOR Chad / RCA) - from 28th January 2008 until 15th March 2009  Mandate:  regional security, cooperation with the bodies of UN, Chad, Central African Republic;  patrolling;  protecting civilians and refugees, reintegrating them, securing international civilians;  delivering humanitarian aids.  23 Eu contries+Albania, Croatia, Russia - Strategic command HQ: Paris/Operational HQ N’djamena and Abechi  3396 personnel, "trial run" for EU's long-term operations, 119,6 million €  4 Hungarian (logistic, personal, medical) served in the mission  Maj. Antal Csaba Kiss - analysis on the health risks of the mission

EU Naval Operation in Somalia  EU NAVFOR Atalanta/EU Naval Operation in the Somali Republic – from 02nd June Currently operating on the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean  British led mission HQ: Northwood/Operational HQ: Djibuti  Mandate:  supporting the EU’s CSDP;  combatting piracy, securing trade routes, protection of civilian ships;  escorting ships of UN World Food Program and other humanitarian convoys;  supporting the operation of AU’s mission in Somalia (AMISOM);  supervision of fishing in the Somalian shores.  Problems: lack of sufficient intelligence, helicopters suitable for patrol, efficient medical insurance and tankers, unified regulations against piracy  Hungary: three IT Non-commissioned officers until Duty: registration of merchant vessels on a special website (Mercury)

EU Training Mission in Somalia  EU Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM Somalia) – from 10th April 2010 until December 2016  Spanish led mission – 125 persons, 11,6 million €/year  Trained 3600 Somalis/year - Till 2013 Uganda, from 2013 Mogadishu, liaison office (Nairobi), support unit (Brussel)  Advising Somali Army reform  Mandate:  supporting the implementation of Djibouti Agreement;  support for the Temporary Federal Government and government organizations,  enhancing the operation of AMISOM;  training Somali government soldiers on the basis of UNSC Resolution No.1872  Hungary: 4 trainer/lawyer officers per shift, so far 18 soldiers participated

EU operations in Libya  European Union Libyan Operations (EUFOR Libya) - 01st April preparatory staff was set up in Rome, the actual process had not been launched  Disagreement between EU contries about the mission  Italian lead mission preparatory staff (Rome)/8 million € - 4 drafts for the operation  Mandate:  protecting Libyan civilians, securing their evacuation,  creating safe living conditions during the conflict;  support the work of humanitarian organizations in Libya  Lt. Col. Dr. Tamas Bognar, Lt. Dr. Zita Makrai - preventive medical activities and health risk assessment - national limitations but later released

EU Mali Training Mission  Replacing the MINUSMA – EU Mali training mission was launched on 18th February 2013 extended until 18th May 2016  French led mission – 582 personals (23 EU contries) – 23 millions €  HQ Bamako, Training Center: Koulikoro  Mandate:  Facilitating the restoration of constitutional order;  restoring and securing the statehood, territorial integrity and sovereignty of Mali,  repelling international terrorist organizations and organized crime;  training the newly-organized Malian Army units;  advisory tasks related to the reconstruction and employment of the Malian Army  Hungary: 15 people per shift (a liaison officer, 6 medical trainers and 3 soldiers)  Hungarian/Belgian trainer group (sniper)  No national restrictions!

EU operation in the Republic of Central-Africa  European Union operation in the Republic of Central-Africa (EUFOR RCA) – from 10th February 2014 until 15th March 2015  Strategic Command HQ: Larissa (Greece), Operational HQ: Bangui (RCA) – 31,6 million €/750 persons  Mandate:  stabilizating and securing the situation in Bangui until this task is transferred to MINUSCA;  protection of the civilian population, improving their living conditions, ensuring the operation of humanitarian aid;  Cooperation with French „Operation Snagaris”;  support the MINUSCA mission until it reaches full operational capability.  Part of the mission's activities were transferred to EUMAM RCA - reorganization and training of the Central African armed forces  Hungary: 6 staff officers

EUNAVFOR Somalia – 3 people EUTM Somalia Uganda - 18 people EUFOR CHAD Chad– 4 people EUSEC Democratic Republic of Congo– 11 people EUFOR RD CONGO Democratic Republic of Congo– 3 people EU Support Operation to AMIS Darfur – 2 people EUFOR Libya Libya – 2 people EUFOR ARTEMIS Democratic Republic of Congo – 1 people EUTM MALI Mali – 16 people EUFOR RCA Central African Republic – 6 people

Conclusion  African continent is not indifferent for the EU  African conflicts influencing the security of Europe at several levels  Out of the 29 operations of CSDP, 16 was carried out in Africa.  From 2008 EU participated only in African Operations  Some EU countries refuse to take part African operations/limited mandate/  No peace enforcement but peace support operations  Hungary is not keyplayer in Africa - change in the Hungarian foreign affairs priorities: “opening to the South„  processing our experiences in Africa is essential.  Existing Hungarian shortcomings: French-knowledge  EU shortages (intelligence, logistic, medical, IT, water purification)

Questions? Thank you for your attention!