1. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Africa Center for Strategic Studies Dr. Louis A. Picard Senior Research Fellow and Director of Research Conflict Resolution in Africa

2. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Overview: Five Themes Conflict Prevention and management Conflict and Peace Making Peacekeeping and international organizations Terrorism and Counter-terrorism Post-Conflict Governance

3. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Conflict and Peace Making - Different Modes Wars of Liberation - South Africa, Algeria, Lusophone Africa (Victory or Stalemate and Negotiations) Civil Wars- Ethnic and Religious “Cultural Pluralism”- Somalia, Sudan and Rwanda (Mediation and Peacemaking)

4. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Different Modes of Conflict Economic Conflict- poverty and organized crime (Post-Apartheid South Africa) Regional conflicts- DRC, Namibia/Angola and Liberia/Sierra Leone (International Negotiations and Peace Making)

5. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Conflict Prevention and Management Community based conflict mitigation Role of indigenous leadership and traditional conflict mediation Land, social rights and behavior Leadership modalities (The Mandela Model) Traditional Justice vs. Political institutions

6. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Indigenous Methods Problem of ratcheting up and reconstructing institutions Problem of collapsed and failed states National Identity Challenges- Leadership Modalities

7. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Peacekeeping and international organizations Issues (1 of 3) Multi-lateral and bi-lateral – Continental vs. International Regional Groups: ECOWAS, Africa Union, SADC United Nations Peacekeeping vs. Monitoring vs. Conflict control (Rules of Engagement)

8. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Peacekeeping and international organizations Issues (2 of 3) Northern State mechanisms: NATO and EU African mediators Unilateral vs. Multilateral (U.S., France and U.K.)

9. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Peacekeeping and international organizations Issues (3 of 3) Role of “proxy” states/armies (Ethiopia) Impact of Foreign and Military assistance Programs (Horn, Sahel and War on Terror) Special Role: Mediation Centers (Institute of Peace, Leadership and Governance at Africa University, Zimbabwe)

10. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Terrorism as an Issue Terrorism and Counter-terrorism (Includes regional, sub-regional, national and sub-national levels of activity) – U.S. and Europe Global vs. non-global

11. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Sector Reforms and Counter-Terrorism Legislation, Finance, Border Security (including passports and travel documents Control) Police, military and security, combating ideological Support for Terrorism Information and Intelligence and International Cooperation

12. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Sector Reforms and Counter-Terrorism Evolution of U.S. CT Policy in Africa Impact of ethnic and religious identification on Terrorist threats Challenges of parallel governance (Egypt, North Africa)

13. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Regional Threats The threat of Collapsed States and crime- Diamonds, guns (Guinea Conakry) Paramilitary Violence (Great Lakes) Organized Crime, and Piracy (Air, Land and Sea)- Indian Ocean and Gulf of Guinea

14. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Post-Conflict Governance The Role of Negotiated Pacts Truth and Reconciliation vs. Justice International Courts Issues

15. Africa Center for Strategic Studies Tuesday, 10 July 2007 Post-Conflict Governance Demilitarizing societies and the Limits of Elections State Rebuilding and Institutional Development Democracy and Governance- Long Term Institutional Development