Module 13 Instructor: Brenda Taylor

 The design, character, and style of a building or structure, with thought given toward the aesthetic effect the structure will have on the viewer.  This is what we will be learning about in this week’s module.

This week we are going to: -Study points in history of architecture -Look at ornamentation on architecture -Take a look at several famous buildings that have extraordinary architecture! -Practice drawing simple architecture -Discover interesting facts about Famous Architects and their work -Look at what it takes to become an Architect -Take a look at Castles HERE in North Carolina -Critique a famous architect's work

 Architecture of the Middle Ages  Split into 2 distinct time periods: the Romanesque Period and the Gothic Period  One way to tell the difference between the two periods is the windows of the structures, the doorways and the height of the structures' walls.

 Architects figured out how to make bigger windows.  They knew if they used a rounded arch for the top of a window it would distribute the weight of the wall above away from the center of the window and the window could be larger.  Prior to this period, architects used squared windows which had to be small so they wouldn’t collapse under the weight of the walls.

 Later in this period, architects figured out how to make the windows even larger – by using a pointed arch, which could withstand even more weight.  This allowed the walls of cathedrals to be taller.

 Most popular monument in Paris, scoring more visitors than the Eiffel Tower.  Construction began in 1163, and was mostly completed in  Example of French Gothic architecture, sculpture, and stained glass.  ( visit this link for a 360° tour of the cathedral.  Visit this link for virtual tours: notre_dame&pano=000086_12#pano notre_dame&pano=000086_12#pano  Read the article in this section to find out about the history of the Notre Dame Cathedral.

 Visit this site to see a panoramic view of the Great Wall of China: wall.html) wall.html  Stretches approximately 5500 miles from east to west across China  2000 years of history  Most famous section is the Badaling Great Wall  To find out about the different dynasties responsible for the construction of this great wall, visit all/history/ all/history/

 Located in the Giza Plateau, in the outskirts of Cairo, series of 3 pyramids known as the Great Pyramids.  Largest – the Great Pyramid of Giza  Slightly smaller – the Pyramid of Khafre  Smallest – the Pyramid of Menkaure  The Great Pyramids sit beside the famous Sphinx sculpture.  Built to house the remains of the pharoahs of the time.  To learn more, visit plex) plex

 Fun facts: -the Great Pyramid of Giza is the ONLY remaining monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. -the Great Pyramids were the tallest structures on earth until 1300 AD when Lincoln Cathedral was built in England. -the Great Pyramid still remains the most massive structure on earth -most of the estimated 2.3 million blocks used to build the Great Pyramid had an average weight of approx. 2.5 metric tons. When Greek historian Herodotus visited Giza in 450 BC he was told by Egyptian priests that "the Great Pyramid had taken 400,000 men 20 years to build, working in three-month shifts 100,000 men at a time."

 Check out this video at draw-castles.htm and also look at the instructions in this section. draw-castles.htm ASSIGNMENT: In your sketchbook, draw a castle of your own design. You will need to use color pencils to finish the castle with color and design. Be creative. Make sure you: -include battlements (these are the indentions across the tops of the castle walls where the soldiers could shoot their arrows then move to either side to hide from the enemy.) -include towers -include small narrow windows closer to the ground to keep intruders out -you can draw the castle from the front or from a more aerial view After you complete your castle design and add color, take a digital photo and submit it in the a forum.

 Read the information about gargoyles and visit the link: paris-france.html to learn about the gargoyles on the Notre Dame Cathedral. The complete the following assignment. paris-france.html  ASSIGNMENT:  In your sketchbook, design your own Gargoyle. Use a number 2 pencil so you can shade the gargoyle. Your gargoyle must: -be at least 4 inches tall -be crouching as if about to leap -be shaded from dark (almost black) values to very light highlights -you can use hatching, cross-hatching, blending, or stippling to shade -name your gargoyle If you want, you can model your gargoyle from air dry clay.  Once you have completed the drawing, submit it in the a forum.

Check out these links on How To Draw Simple Architectural Drawings of famous buildings. It is all a matter of breaking it down into shapes and proportions. Sydney Opera House ( opera-house.htm) Taj Mahal ( US Capital Building ( states-capitol-building.htm) opera-house.htmhttp://tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/how-to-draw-the-taj-mahal.htmhttp://tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/how-to-draw-the-united- states-capitol-building.htm Complete the following assignment ASSIGNMENT: Follow these instructions: 1. Choose any work of architecture from this week's lessons or find one on your own and get it approved by your teacher. 2. You will draw the building in pencil, then add color to enhance your drawing. 3. Complete this project on a piece of white drawing paper at least 12 x 18 inches in size. 4. You can choose the type of medium for the color in this architectural drawing. When completed, paste your drawing in a word document and it to me, along with your comments. Be sure to title it 'Class Architectural Drawing." In your comments share the name of the architectural work you drew and what inspired you to choose it.

 Take a look at 2 different art museums - The Milwaukee Museum of Art and The Guggenheim in New York.  Read about The Milwaukee Museum of Art and then read and answer the forum question. Do you agree or disagree that an entryway like this would divert attention from the collection by inviting people to visit the museum primarily as an architectural site?  Post your answer in “Museum Architecture” forum (13.5.1a). Be sure to respond to the posts of 2 of your classmates.  Read about The Guggenheim and then answer the following question:In looking at the Guggenheim's architectural layout, do you think the architect wasted a lot of space or too much space by having the middle of the museum empty (open space) and the galleries up the spiraling ramp?  Post your answer in “Museum Architecture” forum (13.5.1a). Be sure to respond to the posts of 2 of your classmates.

Assignment: Look at the picture of the Kaufman House designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Read the information and then follow these steps to write a critique on Wright's design. You are a famous Architectural Critic for The New York Times. After you complete your critique go to the submit assignment link on the main course page to submit.  Step 1 - Describe what is in an artwork  Step 2 - Analyzing how it is designed or put together  Step 3 - Interpreting its meaning  Step 4 - Judging its success Submit your critique in the Frank Lloyd Wright forum (13.6.1a) Critiquing refresher on the next slide.

Step 1 - Describing Write out in sentence form all the things you see in the work. the title and artist, size of the work, medium and process used, what you see in the work (for architecture would be more line, repetition, etc) Step 2 - Analyzing Deals with the composition of the work, recognizing how the principles of art are used to organize the elements. Write about how the artist used the elements and principles in their work. Look for ways in which the parts relate to the whole Look for planned similarities and differences in the parts of the work Step 3 - Interpreting Determining and explaining the meaning, mood or idea of a work of art/architecture. The conclusions can be creative guesses as long as they are supported by the information from steps 1 and 2. The interpretation tries to include four things: expressive language, analogies, cause and effect, relationships and/or connections to other ideas, events, and the artist's world and culture Step 4 - Judging Making a decision about a work's success or lack of success AND giving reasons to support that decision. Decisions will be opinions that are based on two things: the viewer's knowledge of art, the viewer's criteria of what makes a work successful (aesthetics) Judgments about a work can be both positive and negative.

 Look at the PowerPoint presentation about North Carolina castles.  Assignment: When you have learned about Castles here in NC, search for other interesting architecture in NC. Post an Image and Description of what you find in the extra credit forum. Send me an telling me that you have done this assignment and you'll earn 20 extra credit points!  Here is a link to the Biltmore website ( and more of it's history and stories.  Chapel Hill's Legend of the Gimghoul Castle. There have been Mysteries, Duels and secret societies surrounding this Castle built in The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill now owns the castle and the surrounding land.Click here ( to learn more.

Visit these 2 sites to learn about Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello:  rchitecture.html rchitecture.html   Assignment: After you visit the links to 2 different websites, post your answer to the following question on the Discussion Board "Monticello Forum“ (13.7.2a). ◦ Why do you think Thomas Jefferson's home is called an architectural masterpiece?  Then, read and respond to two posts by your fellow classmates.

 Take the Architecture Quiz.  Take as many times as you feel necessary.  The highest grade will be recorded.

Week 14 covers graphic design.