1 Application of SDI in hydrology for assessment of hydropower potential of small streams Subija IZEIROSKI Bashkim IDRIZI Sotir PANOVSKI Igor NEDELKOVSKI South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences

2 OUTLINES Introduction  Input SDI  Methodology  Generating DEM model  Main Hydrological parameters in GIS  Engineering criteria for evaluation of hydropower potential  Results & discusions  Conclusion South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences

3 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Introduction Overall aims :  Developing DEM & 3-D visualisation of the surface  using input SDI  Application of SDI in watershed analysis using GIS tools  Determination of main topographic & hydrological  parameters for SHP project development  Assessment of SHP potential using geospatial analysis

4 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Input SDI New topographic maps (Macedonian SDI) Example of a topographic map in scale 1:25000 Each map covers an area of cca 140 km2

5 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Methodology Contour map Grid point map D E M Flow direction map Flow accumulation map Stream network Stream slope (elevation drop) Rainfall grid (vector) Rainfall grid (raster) Rainfall accumulation (raster) POWER & ENERGY ASSESSMENT Stream flow calculation Flowchart diagram for assessment of SHP potentials Grid and contour data in vector format (shp) as a content of each digital map in scale 1:25000 which covers an area of 10x14 km.

6 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Generating DEM Digital elevation model DEM of the map Ljubojno ( ) Slope raster map in % of the map Ljubojno ( ) Hilshade map overlayed with stream network

7 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Main hydrological parameters in GIS Flow direcction map obtained from the input DEM Flow accumulation map with delineated stream network Delineated subwatersheds with their pour points in shape format

8 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Main hydrological parameters in GIS Watershed area of the Brajchninska river with the pour point (outlet) A = *20*20 = m2 = 64,54 km2.

9 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation First approach: Elevation drop determining at pixel level Product of two raster maps using raster calculator: [stream_raster] * [dem_fill] Watershed area with slope(elevation drop) values at pixel level along Brajchinska river and its tributaries

10 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Second approach: Elevation drop determining at segment level The quotient between the starting and ending point elevations of each stream segment divided with the length gives slope(elavation drop) of the segment

11 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Determination of raster map with rainfall values using method for interpolation of isohyetal map: Rainfall raster map obtained with interpolation of scanned isohyetal map Scanned part of the isohyetal map covering the study area

12 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Determination of raster map with rainfall values in aeach cell using quadratic equation:

13 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Determination of flow duation curves at the gauging station. They give information about fluctuation, oscilation of water flows during the year Flow duration curve for mean monthly flows at the gauging station Brajcino-285 Flow duration curve for mean annual flows at the gauging station Brajcino-285 X = m ; Y = m ; Z = 975,29 m. Coordinates of the gauging station Brajcino-285

14 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Determination of runoff raster map using rational method and raster calculator tool in Spatial analyst Runoff raster map at pixel level calculated using the rational method Calculation procedure

15 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Determination of runoff raster map using area-proportion method and raster calculator tool in Spatial analyst Runoff raster map at pixel level calculated using the area-proportion method Calculation procedure a=0.75

16 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Determination of regression dependences between the runoff and rainfall /runoff and watershed areas Linear, polinomial and logaritmic regression correlation between runoff and rainfall

17 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Engineering criteria for evaluation of Hydropower potential 1.Determination of elevation drop 2.Streamflow calculation Graphic layout of some important point locations in the Catchment area above the measuring station Brajcino-285 Main criteria for site selection of SHP 1.Topographic factor – hidraulic head of stream 2. Hydrologic factor: Runoff Assessment of flow rates

18 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Results & discussions Formula for calculation of the effective power output) 1 9,

19 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Results & discussions Table with data of the suitable locations for SHP developmentNoLocationIntakeElevation(m)SHPElevation(m)Watershed Area(km 2 ) ElevationDrop(m) Q av (m 3 /s) Q in (m 3 /s) P (kW 1K_kob_ Brac_ Brajc_ Brajc_ Rzans_ Brajc_ Stanis_341r Stanis_341l Stanis_int , Brajc_343+Stanis_int , Brajc_340+Rzans_ , The combination of two intakes of stream flow (No. 10 & 11 of the table above) provides significantly more power output.

20 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Results & discussions The establishing of NSDI in Macedonia is still ongoing process. NSDI should be made according to the INSPIRE directive of the EU. Concerning this the contemporary up to date spatial data of NSDI should be harmonized, interoperable and applicable to all stakeholders The research is performed using digital maps of the existing Macedonian 25000SDI Example of a single dataset of the Macedinia 25000SDI in ArcInfo coverage structure A step forward is also the creation of a web geoportal for dissemination of geospatial information online available for all interested subjects

21 South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences CONCLUSIONS  Methodology of using GIS tools for effective visualization of the land surface and stream network was presented.  Proposed GIS approach is useful tool for a preliminary identification of potential hydropower potentials, and can be applied in all area that contain the following data: DEM, annual rainfall & discharge data.  Further analysis could be made with more accurate DEMs obtained from LIDAR or professional satellite images with finer resolution  Further research studies should also consider for SHP construction: - distances to main roads -proximity to power lines -distances to natural protected area

22 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !!! South-East European Research Institute on Geo Sciences Dr. Subija IZEIROSKI, Geo-SEE Institute -Skopje Assoc.Prof.Dr. Bashkim IDRIZI State University of Tetova. Prof.Dr. Sotir PANOVSKI University St.Kliment Ohridski-Bitola Prof.Dr. Igor NEDELKOVSKI University St.Kliment Ohridski-Bitola