Systemic Veins 1. Characteristics of Veins 2. Composition of Systemic Veins 3. Veins of Head,Neck And Upper Limb As Well As Thorax, Abdomen And Lower Limb Guo Ling,MD,PhD Department of Anatomy

a. Veins convey the blood Characteristics of Vein a. Veins convey the blood from peripheral organs to the heart. b. Tributaries, venules drain to big veins. (It is not called a branch but a tributary,from a small D to a large D.) c. No pulse of vein able to be felt in living body.

2.The systemic veins are divided into two sets: Superficial veins Deep veins ① Located beneath the skin ② No correspondingly accompanied arteries 1) Superficial Veins (subcutaneous vein)

2) Deep Veins (venae comitantes) ①accompanied with the corresponding arteries ②having the same names as those described in the corresponding arteries

3. There are valves in veins of extremities The valves open toward the heart to prevent the backflow of blood into the peripheral organs.

Composition of Systemic Veins 1. Superior vena cava and its tributaries 2. Inferior vena cava 3. Veins of the heart

Composition and Tributaries of Superior Vena Caval System Subclavian Vein Internal jugular V Venous angle Left / right brachiocephalic Vs Superior vena cava Right atrium

Collectiing Scope of Superior Vena Cava It receives the blood from head , neck, upper limbs & thorax.

⑤Internal jugular V Veins of Head & Neck ①Superior temporal V ②Facial V ③Maxillary V ④External jugular V ⑤Internal jugular V

Veins of Neck (anterior view)

The facial V communicates with the cavernous sinus Sup. Ophthalmic V Cavernous sinus Facial V

Veins of Upper Limbs 1.Superficial V 1) cephalic(lat.) 2) basilic(med.) 3 )median viens Clinical Applications A) intravenous injection B) blood sampling C) blood/ liquid transfusion D) introduction of catheters to the heart or the coronary arteries

2. Deep Veins Subclavian Vein Axillary Vein Brachial Vein Radial V ein Ulnar Vein Subclavian Vein

② ① Collections? ③ Thoracic Veins ③hemiazygos Vein Endings? ② Accessory hemiazygos Vein ② ① ③hemiazygos Vein Collections? Endings? ③

Veins in Abdominal Cavity ----Inferior Vena Caval System 1. Composition Left / Right common iliac vein 2.Tributaries 1) parietal 2) visceral 3) paired, 4) unpaired 3. Drainage lower half of body 4. End right atrium

Tributaries of Inferior Vena Cava 1) Parietal tributaries 2) Visceral tributaries ① Renal V ②Testicular V (ovarian V) ③Hepatic V--3 tributaries (submerged in the liver)

Veins in Pelvis Internal iliac vein The venous plexuses in the pelvis are: 1)Vesical venous plexus 2)Uterine venous plexus 3)Rectal venous plexus All the plexuses lack valves to enable the blood to freely flow forward or backward (bi-directional flows).

Veins of Lower Limb 1) Superficial Veions ① Great saphenous V --------5 tributaries: a) Superficial epigastric V b) Superficial iliac circumflex V c) External pudendal V d) Superficial medial femoral V e) Superficial lateral femoral V ② Small saphenous V (origin,route,ending)

2) Deep Veins Common iliac V External iliac V Femoral V Popliteal V Anterior tibial V Posterior tibial V Common iliac V

Splenic V Superior mesenteric V ④ Hepatic Portal Vein 1. Composition: splenic V, superior mesenteric V (both union behind the head of pancreas) Superior mesenteric V Splenic V

2.Origin: capillaries of unpaired organs of abdomen 3.End: hepatic sinuses liver sinus Hepatic portal V

Hepatic V Hepatic portal V

3. Collection Coverage Unpaired organs in abdominal cavity include: gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and digestive canal from stomach downward, except for the liver.

4.Tributaries of Hepatic Portal Vein (1) Splenic V (2) Superior mesenteric V (3) Inferior (4) Left gastric V (5) Right gastric V

2) Rectal venous plexus 1) Esophageal venous plexus 5. Anastomoses a. position: low part b. sigificance : broken,vomiting blood. a. position: rectum b. sigificance : blocked,hemorrhoids. 1) Esophageal venous plexus 2) Rectal venous plexus 3)Periumbilical venous plexus a. position: around umbilicus b. siginificance: blocked, visibly swellen.

bile reabsorbed (Nutrients) Food 6. Characteristics of Hepatic Portal V Transporting thesubstances absorbed by stomach & intestines, include nutrients, toxins, drugs & wastes, etc. bile reabsorbed (Nutrients) Food

(2) Diversion of Blood Stream ▲The blood from superior mesenteric V flows into the right lobe. ▲ The blood from splenic V flows into the left lobe.

(3) The both ends of hepaticportal vein are capillaries.

The substances absorbed by the small intestine are carried out of body with blood and urine though the following pathway: Small intestine→sup.mesenteric V → hepatic portal V → Liver sinusoids →hepatic V → inf.vena cava → R.atrium → R.ventricle → pulmonary trunk,and L. R pulmonary arteries → lungs→ pulmonary Vs → L. atrium → L.ventricle → aorta → renal As → kidneys→ ureters→Urinary bladder → urethra

Glucose is injected into median cubital V , Trace the sugar until it run out of the body: Cephalic V →Subclavian V → Branchiocephalic V → Sup. Vena cava → R.atrium……(continue… please think about the subsequent course !!! )

Clinical Consideration What may happen after the hepatic portal vein is obstructed ? a) building collateral circulations b) disfunctions of digestive tract c) toxin to brain d) poor nutrition supply