1. Vascular Anatomy
Vascular Anatomy

2. Figure 19.21a R. external carotid artery R. internal carotid artery
L. external
carotid artery
L. internal
carotid artery
R. common carotid
– right side of head and neck
L. common carotid
– left side of head and neck
R. vertebral
L. vertebral
R. axillary
R. subclavian
– neck and
R. upper limb
Brachiocephalic
– head, neck, and
R. upper limb
L. subclavian
– neck and L.
upper limb
L. axillary
Aortic arch
Brachial,
Arteries of
R. upper
limb
Brachial,
Arteries of
L. upper
limb
Ascending aorta
– L. ventricle to sternal angle
L. and R. coronary
arteries
Thoracic aorta T5 – T12 (diaphragm)
L. ventricle of heart
Visceral branches
Parietal branches
Mediastinal
– posterior
media-
stinum
Esophageal
– esophagus
Bronchial
– lungs and
bronchi
Pericardial
– pericardium
Posterior intercostals
– intercostal muscles, spinal
cord, vertebrae, pleurae, skin
Superior phrenics
– posterior and superior
diaphragm
Diaphragm
Abdominal aorta T12 (diaphragm) – L4
Visceral branches
Parietal branches
Gonadal
– testes or
ovaries
Suprarenal
– adrenal
glands
and
Renal
– kidneys
Superior
and inferior
mesenterics
– small
intestine
– colon
Celiac trunk
– liver
– gallbladder
– spleen
– stomach
– esophagus
– duodenum
Inferior phrenics
– inferior diaphragm
Lumbars
– posterior
abdominal
wall
Median sacral
– sacrum
– coccyx
R. common iliac
– pelvis and R. lower limb
L. common iliac
– pelvis and L. lower limb
Arteries of R. lower limb
Arteries of L. lower limb
(a) Schematic flowchart
Figure 19.21a

3. Arteries of the head and trunk Internal carotid artery
Arteries that supply
the upper limb
External carotid artery
Common carotid arteries
Subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Axillary artery
Subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Brachial artery
Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
Radial artery
Coronary artery
Ulnar artery
Thoracic aorta (above
diaphragm)
Deep palmar arch
Celiac trunk
Superficial palmar arch
Abdominal aorta
Digital arteries
Superior mesenteric artery
Arteries that supply
the lower limb
Renal artery
Gonadal artery
External iliac artery
Common iliac artery
Femoral artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Internal iliac artery
Posterior tibial artery
(b) Illustration, anterior
view
Arcuate artery
Figure 19.21b

4. Cerebral arterial circle
R. and L. anterior cerebral arteries
R. middle
cerebral
artery
Anterior
communicating
artery
Cerebral arterial circle
R. and L.
posterior
communicating
arteries
Ophthalmic
artery
R. posterior
cerebral
artery
Basilar
artery
Superficial
temporal
artery
Maxillary
artery
R. and L.
vertebral
arteries
Occipital
artery
R. and L.
internal
arteries
Facial
artery
Lingual
artery
R. and L.
external
carotid
arteries
Superior
thyroid
artery
R. and L.
common
carotid
arteries
R. and L.
subclavian
arteries
Brachiocephalic trunk
Aortic arch
(a) Schematic flowchart
Figure 19.22a

5. (d) Major arteries serving the brain (inferior view, right side
Anterior
Cerebral arterial
circle
(circle of Willis)
Frontal lobe
Optic chiasma
• Anterior
communicating
artery
Middle
cerebral
artery
• Anterior
cerebral artery
Internal
carotid
artery
• Posterior
communicating
artery
Mammillary
body
• Posterior
cerebral artery
Temporal
lobe
Basilar artery
Vertebral artery
Pons
Occipital lobe
Cerebellum
Posterior
(d) Major arteries serving the brain (inferior view, right side
of cerebellum and part of right temporal lobe removed)
Figure 19.22d

6. Left subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Common carotid
arteries
Thyrocervical trunk
Suprascapular artery
Left subclavian artery
Costocervical trunk
Right subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Thoracoacromial artery
Axillary artery
Posterior intercostal
arteries
Posterior circumflex
humeral artery
Anterior intercostal
artery
Anterior circumflex
humeral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Descending aorta
Subscapular artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Brachial artery
Deep artery of arm
Radial artery
Common
interosseous
artery
Ulnar artery
Deep palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch
Digital arteries
(b) Illustration, anterior view
Figure 19.23b

7. Liver (cut) Diaphragm Inferior vena cava Esophagus Celiac trunk
Common hepatic
artery
Left gastric
artery
Hepatic artery
proper
Stomach
Splenic artery
Gastroduodenal
artery
Left
gastroepiploic
artery
Right gastric artery
Gallbladder
Spleen
Pancreas
(major portion lies
posterior to stomach)
Right
gastroepiploic
artery
Duodenum
Superior
mesenteric
Abdominal aorta
(b) The celiac trunk and its major branches. The left half of the liver has been removed.
Figure 19.24b

8. (c) Major branches of the abdominal aorta.
Diaphragm
Hiatus (opening)
for inferior
vena cava
Inferior
phrenic artery
Hiatus (opening)
for esophagus
Middle
suprarenal
artery
Adrenal
(suprarenal)
gland
Renal artery
Superior
mesenteric
artery
Kidney
Celiac trunk
Gonadal
(testicular or
ovarian) artery
Abdominal aorta
Lumbar arteries
Inferior
mesenteric
artery
Ureter
Median sacral
artery
Common
iliac artery
(c) Major branches of the abdominal aorta.
Figure 19.24c

9. (d) Distribution of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
Transverse colon
Celiac trunk
Aorta
Superior
mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric
artery
Branches of
the superior
mesenteric artery
Branches of
the inferior
mesenteric
artery
• Middle colic artery
• Intestinal arteries
• Right colic artery
• Left colic artery
• Ileocolic artery
• Sigmoidal arteries
• Superior rectal
artery
Ascending colon
Right common iliac
artery
Descending colon
Ileum
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Appendix
Rectum
(d) Distribution of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
The transverse colon has been pulled superiorly.
Figure 19.24d

10. Superior gluteal artery External iliac artery Deep artery of thigh
Common iliac artery
Internal iliac artery
Superior gluteal artery
External iliac artery
Deep artery of thigh
Lateral circumflex
femoral artery
Medial circumflex
femoral artery
Obturator artery
Femoral artery
Adductor hiatus
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Arcuate artery
Dorsal metatarsal
arteries
(b) Anterior view
Figure 19.25b

11. Figure 19.26a R. external jugular – superficial head and neck
R. vertebral
– cervical spinal
cord and
vertebrae
Veins of
R. upper
limb
Intracranial
dural venous sinuses
R. internal jugular
– dural venous
sinuses of the brain
R. subclavian
– R. head, neck,
and upper
limb
R. axillary
Same as R. brachiocephalic
R. brachiocephalic
– R. side of head and R. upper limb
L. brachiocephalic
– L. side of head and L. upper limb
Superior vena cava
– runs from union of brachiocephalic
veins behind manubrium to R. atrium
Azygos system
– drains much of
thorax
R. atrium oaf heart
Diaphragm
Inferior vena cava
– runs from junction of common iliac
veins at L5 to R. atrium of heart
L., R., and middle
hepatic veins
– liver
R. suprarenal
(L. suprarenal drains
into L. renal vein)
– adrenal glands
L. and R. renal veins
– kidneys
R. gonadal
(L. gonadal drains
into L. renal vein)
– testis or ovary
Lumbar veins
(several pairs)
– posterior abdominal
wall
R. common iliac
– pelvis and R. lower
limb
L. common iliac
– pelvis and L. lower
limb
Veins of
R. lower limb
Veins of
L. lower limb
(a) Schematic flowchart
Figure 19.26a

12. Veins of the head and trunk Veins that drain the upper limb
Dural venous sinuses
External jugular vein
Subclavian vein
Vertebral vein
Axillary vein
Internal jugular vein
Cephalic vein
Right and left
brachiocephalic veins
Brachial vein
Basilic vein
Superior vena cava
Median cubital vein
Great cardiac vein
Ulnar vein
Hepatic veins
Radial vein
Splenic vein
Digital veins
Hepatic portal vein
Veins that drain
the lower limb
Renal vein
Superior mesenteric
vein
External iliac vein
Femoral vein
Inferior vena cava
Inferior mesenteric vein
Great saphenous vein
Common iliac vein
Popliteal vein
Internal iliac vein
Posterior tibial vein
Anterior tibial vein
(b) Illustration, anterior
view. The vessels of the
pulmonary circulation
are not shown.
Small saphenous vein
Dorsal venous arch
Dorsal metatarsal veins
Figure 19.26b

13. (b) Veins of the head and neck, right superficial aspect
Superficial temporal
vein
Ophthalmic vein
Occipital vein
Facial vein
Posterior
auricular vein
External
jugular vein
Vertebral vein
Internal jugular
vein
Superior and middle
thyroid veins
Brachiocephalic
vein
Subclavian vein
Superior
vena cava
(b) Veins of the head and neck, right superficial aspect
Figure 19.27b

14. (c) Dural venous sinuses of the brain drain blood
Superior sagittal
sinus
Falx cerebri
Inferior sagittal
sinus
Cavernous
sinus
Straight sinus
Confluence
of sinuses
Transverse
sinuses
Sigmoid sinus
Jugular foramen
Right internal
jugular vein
(c) Dural venous sinuses of the brain drain blood
via the internal Jugular vein
Figure 19.27c

15. Brachiocephalic veins External jugular vein Right subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
Brachiocephalic veins
External jugular vein
Right subclavian vein
Left subclavian vein
Axillary vein
Brachial vein
Superior vena cava
Cephalic vein
Azygos vein
Basilic vein
Accessory hemiazygos
vein
Hemiazygos vein
Posterior intercostals
Median cubital vein
Inferior vena cava
Ascending lumbar vein
Median antebrachial
vein
Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
Ulnar vein
Radial vein
Deep palmar venous arch
Superficial palmar venous arch
Digital veins
(b) Anterior view
Figure 19.28b

16. Figure 19.29a Inferior vena cava Inferior phrenic veins Cystic vein
Hepatic veins
Hepatic
portal
system
Hepatic portal vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
Suprarenal
veins
Inferior
mesenteric
vein
Renal veins
Gonadal veins
Lumbar veins
R. ascending
lumbar vein
L. ascending
lumbar vein
Common iliac veins
External iliac vein
(a) Schematic flowchart.
Internal iliac veins
Figure 19.29a

17. (b) Tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Venous drainage
Inferior phrenic
vein
Hepatic veins
Inferior vena cava
Left suprarenal
vein
Right suprarenal
vein
Renal veins
Left ascending
lumbar vein
Right gonadal
vein
Lumbar veins
Left gonadal vein
Common iliac
vein
External iliac
vein
Internal iliac vein
(b) Tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Venous drainage
of abdominal organs not drained by the hepatic portal vein.
Figure 19.29b

18. (c) The hepatic portal circulation.
Inferior vena cava
(not part of hepatic
portal system)
Gastric veins
Hepatic veins
Spleen
Inferior vena cava
Liver
Splenic vein
Right gastroepiploic
vein
Hepatic portal
vein
Inferior
mesenteric vein
Superior
mesenteric vein
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
(c) The hepatic portal circulation.
Figure 19.29c

19. Common iliac vein Internal iliac vein External iliac vein
Inguinal ligament
Femoral vein
Great saphenous
vein (superficial)
Popliteal vein
Small saphenous
vein
Fibular vein
Anterior tibial vein
Dorsalis pedis vein
Dorsal venous arch
Dorsal metatarsal
veins
(b) Anterior view
Figure 19.30b

20. Great saphenous vein Popliteal vein Anterior tibial vein Fibular vein
Small saphenous
vein (superficial)
Posterior tibial vein
Plantar veins
Deep plantar arch
Digital veins
(c) Posterior view
Figure 19.30c