Intestinal Villi
Absorption of Fat Glycerol + Short Chain Fatty Acids Intestinal Cells Capillaries Liver Bloodstream
Entrance of Monoglycerides and Long Chain Fatty Acids from lumen into intestinal cells… In lumen, they combine with bile to form spherical complexes (Micelles) → enter intestinal cells and form protein coated molecules → Lymphatic system → Bloodstream
Chylomicrons Clusters of lipids (cholesterol, phopholipids and triglycerides) and proteins that transport fat around the body
Types of Lipoproteins 1.Chylomicrons – mostly triglycerides 2.Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs) – ½ triglycerides; made in the liver 3.Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLs) – highest in cholesterol; VLDLs without triglycerides 4.High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) – ½ protein; made in liver
Improving LDL:HDL Ratio and Heart Health 1. Exercise: can HDL concentration 2. Substitute saturated fats with monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats in diet (saturated fats can raise LDLs) 3. Eat more soluble fibers (gums, pectins): they bind to bile and increase its excretion. Bile is made from cholesterol lowers blood cholesterol 4. intake of antioxidants - Vit C prevents free radicals from oxidizing LDLs oxidation changes structure and function of LDL which leads to damaged arterial walls