1. Nutrient Absorption Chapter 8 Section 8.4 -2

2. Nutrient Absorption In order to use nutrients from our food they first need to be absorbed. All nutrients are eventually absorbed into and are carried to other cells in the body by the bloodstream.

3. Hepatic Portal System Transport between the small and large intestine, liver, and heart is done by the hepatic portal system. Hepatic Portal Vein Connects the capillaries from the small intestine and the capillaries from the liver. This vein is how nutrients are absorbed from digestive organs into the bloodstream.

4. Carbohydrate Absorption Monosaccharides other than GLUCOSE are converted into GLUCOSE by the liver. GLUCOSE is circulated FROM liver TO all body cells via the blood.

6. Carbohydrate Absorption EXCESS GLUCOSE is converted into glycogen by liver. Glycogen is a storage molecule. It is temporarily stored in liver and muscles When the amount of GLUCOSE in the blood lowers, GLYCOGEN is converted back into GLUCOSE.

7. Absorption by Active Transport

8. Protein Absorption Single amino acids are absorbed via active transport into the VILLI in the small intestine.

9. Protein Absorption Continued Amino acids then diffuse into the blood and go directly to LIVER. Some amino acids are released into the bloodstream from the liver Distributed to body cells – make proteins for a variety of functions (ie. enzymes, cell structures) In Liver sometimes an amino (nitrogen containing) group is removed. Amino groups join CO 2 which eventually leads to the formation of UREA, which is excreted in our URINE

10. Fat/Lipid Absorption In the intestinal lining glycerol and fatty acids are reassembled into triglycerides. Coated with protein = makes it soluble They then enter the lymph vessels in the villi. Carried to the chest region when the COATED TRIGLYCERIDES enter the bloodstream.

11. Fat/Lipid Absorption Con’t In the blood, the is coating removed and broken back down into glycerol and fatty acids by LIPASE. Now available for use by body cells.

12. Absorption of Fats into Lymph Vessel

13. Nucleic Acid Digestion Nucleosidases hydrolyze the nucleotides into sugars, phosphates, and their specific nitrogen base. They are then absorbed into bloodstream via active transport.