Dr Liz Parry Registrar in Public Health Bath and North East Somerset Council

 A = 10%  B = 15%  C = 20%  D = 30%

 A = Meningitis  B = Hepatitis A  C = Hepatitis B  D = Infectious Diarrhoea

 A = Men 21 units, Women 14 units  B = Men 14 units, women 14 units  C = Men 21 units, Women 21 units  D = Men 28units, Women 21 units

 A = Cancer  B = TB  C = Heart disease  D = AIDS

 A = 13%  B = 23%  C = 33%  D = 43%

 A = Cancer  B = Stroke  C = Heart disease  D = Car accidents

 A = 1  B = 4  C = 16  D = 32  E = 100

 A = 10%  B = 15%  C = 20%  D = 30%  Answer 20%, this has fallen from 26% in 2003 and 45% in the 1960’s

 A = Meningitis  B = Hepatitis A  C = Hepatitis B  D = Infectious Diarrhoea  Answer – C – Hepatitis B is sexually transmitted, all others can be transmitted through sneezing or coughing.

 A = Men 21 units, Women 14 units  B = Men 14 units, women 14 units  C = Men 21 units, Women 21 units  D = Men 28units, Women 21 units  Answer – B  Guidelines changed from A in early 2016

 A = Cancer  B = TB  C = Heart disease  D = AIDS  Heart disease million  Stroke million  Pneumonia – 3.1 million  HIV/ AIDS – 1.5 million

 A = 13%  B = 23%  C = 33%  D = 43%  Answer – C – of which 19% are obese and 14% are overweight

 A = Cancer  B = Stroke  C = Heart disease  D = Car accidents  29% of deaths in the UK in 2015 were due to cancer

 A = 1  B = 4  C = 16  D = 32  E = 100  Answer = 16 per day, of which 75% are men

 No perfect definition currently exists  WHO definition ◦ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being NOT - merely the absence of disease or infirmity.  Good Points ◦ Considers social and mental aspects of health  Problems ◦ Leaves most of us unhealthy all of the time ◦ Health is unachievable for most of the population  Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.

 The science and art of promoting & protecting health and well-being, preventing ill-health and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society.

Health Services Health Improvement Health protection - Infectious diseases - Chemicals and radiation - Emergency response planning -Healthy lifestyles – smoking, alcohol, breastfeeding - Tackling health inequality - Health Service Planning - Clinical Effectiveness

 In the early 19th century, the growing towns of Britain were characterised by overcrowding, poor housing, bad water and disease.  1842, Edwin Chadwick argued that disease was the main reason for poverty, and that preventing disease would reduce the poor rates.  In 1848, a cholera epidemic terrified the government into doing something about prevention of disease - through both public and individual health measures.

 1853 vaccination against smallpox was made compulsory.  1854 improvements in hospital hygiene were introduced (thanks in large part to Florence Nightingale).  1875 a Public Health Act enforced laws about slum clearance and provision of sewers and clean water

 1911, United Kingdom: The National Insurance scheme is introduced. It proves unemployment benefits, sick pay and the cost of doctors and medicinesNational Insurance scheme  1948, United Kingdom: The National Health Service is launched, providing free point of care treatment for all.National Health Service  1948, New York: World Health Organisation is launched to aid developing countries combat health issues.  1967: World Health Organisation begins campaign to eradicate Smallpox. It is successful, smallpox has not been reported anywhere in the world since 1980.

 The influences on health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.  These conditions combine to create health and ill health and are dependent on the quality of ◦ Education ◦ employment and economic wellbeing ◦ the built environment, ◦ housing and a nurturing environment in childhood,  Many of these determinants are responsible for inequities in health – the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between groups of people.

Dahlgren, G. and Whitehead, M. (1991). Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health. Stockholm: Stockholm Institute for Future Studies

Director of Public Health Public Health Consultant Development & commissioning managers Health Improvement Officers Intelligence Analyst Business manager Principal adviser on all health matters to elected members and officers, with a leadership role spanning all three domains of public health

Sexual Health Substance misuse National Childhood measurement Programme Health Protection Immunisation & screening Suicide and Self harm prevention Injury Prevention Early years education

Housing officers School nurses Sexual health nurses Practice nurses Pharmacists Teachers General Practitioners