Bluetooth Low Energy RTLAB YuJin Park

Contents Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Background of Bluetooth

Introduction

Introduction to Wireless Communication Mobility Convenience Almost zero setup time Reduced cost Connectivity in remote areas Enhanced productivity Newer possibilities Safety and security No compromises on speed

Data Rates and Coverage Wide Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Local Area Network Personal Area Network Body Area Network

Why Have Standards? 3rd Generation Partnership program(3GPP) Bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG) European Commission for Standardization(CEN) European Telecommunications Standard Issue (ETSI) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Wi-Fi Alliance Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum ZigBee Alliance

Introduction to Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy Key features of Bluetooth Low Energy Ultra low power Small size Low cost Short range Faster connections Small Chunks of data Infrequent transfers Secure Interoperable

Applications Finding and Alerting Device Proximity and Presence Detection Health Care Sports and Fitness Equipment Mobile Payments

Competing Technologies ANT and ANT+ Ultra low power wireless protocol Highly resource optimized Network flexibility and scalability Easy to use with low system cost ZigBee Low cost, low power Wireless sensor and control networks Near Field Communication (NFC) Simple transaction and short range(~10cm) Access control, healthcare, payments, information collection and exchange

Background of Bluetooth

Ad Hoc Networks – Why? “Always connected” device, “On the move” User Faster the setup Data exchange Tear down cycle Decentralized system Printing documents, photos Exchanging Business Cards, Photos, Music, Files

What is Bluetooth? Key features of Bluetooth Ad hoc Small Size, Low Cost, Low Power Short Range Secure Interoperable Global Standard Ease-of-use Does not require line of sight Does not suffer from interference from obstacles like walls Can co-exist with other wireless technologies Big set of profiles already available to address real world scenarios

Bluetooth Special Interest Group Public Bluetooth specifications Administer the qualification program Evangelize Bluetooth wireless technology Promoter companies : Ericsson, Intel, Lenovo, Microsoft, Motorola Mobility, Nokia, Toshiba

IEEE 802.15 Family of Specifications WPAN standards Task Groups (TGs) TG 1 : Bluetooth TG2 : Coexistence for WPANs TG 3 : High Rate WPAN : 11Mbps to 55 Mbps TG4 : Low Rate WPAN : 20kbps to 250kbps TG5 : Mesh Networking TG6 : BAN (Body Area Networks) TG7 : Visible Light Communication

Bluetooth Architecture Overview Lower Layer or Controller Upper Layers Profiles Bluetooth Application Profiles These layers generally execute on the host which could be a mobile phone, tablet, or a laptop Applications Host (upper layers) Protocol stack These layers generally execute on the Bluetooth chip Controller (lower layers)

Bluetooth Architecture Overview F T P O P A 2 D P Protocols RFCOMM OBEX TCS-BIN IEEE 11073-20601 IrMC HIC profile G O E P SPP GA V D P A V R C P S D A P OBEX SDP RFCOMM AVDTP AVCTP L2CAP Host Controller Interface (HCI) Profile Link Management Protocol (LMP) Adopted Protocol Baseband controller Core protocols Bluetooth Radio

Basic Terminology Host, Host Controller, and Host Controller Interface(HCI) Device Address(BD_ADDR) and Device Name Globally unique 48-bit Bluetooth Device Address Device Name : Identify and remember a device Class of Device(CoD) Device discovery parameters Device type, class Bluetooth Clock Protocol Data Unit(PDU) The host executes the upper layers of the protocol stack, profiles and applications Host HCI The Controller executes the lower layers of the protocol stack including radio, link manager, and baseband Controller(BT)

Data Rates Basic Rate : up to 721.2 kbps Enhanced Data Rate(2.0) : 2.1 Mbps Bluetooth 3.0 + HS : 24 Mbps Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy : 305 kbps

Connection Setup and Topology Piconet Smallest unit of Bluetooth communication 1 Master and up to 7 Slave Scatternet Extend the number of Bluetooth devices M S1 S1 S1 S1 Piconet M1 M2 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 Scatternet

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