21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C The student is expected to: 4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules; 5B examine specialized cells, including roots, stems, and leaves of plants...; 10B describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants; 10C analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels to each other and to the whole system

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C KEY CONCEPT Roots and stems form the support system of vascular plants.

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil. Roots provide many functions. –support the plant –absorb, transport, and store nutrients –root hairs help absorption

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C root cap –root cap covers the tip There are several parts of a root.

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C apical meristem –root cap covers the tip There are several parts of a root. –apical meristem is an area of growth

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C –vascular cylinder contains xylem and phloem vascular cylinder –root cap covers the tip There are several parts of a root. –apical meristem is an area of growth

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C –Fibrous root systems have fine branches. Fibrous rootTaproot There are two main types of roots. –Taproot systems have one main root.

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage. Stems have many functions. –support leaves and flowers –house most of the vascular system –store water Baobab trees Cactus

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C –grow underground for storage Ginger rhizomes Potato tubers Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage. Stems have many functions. –support leaves and flowers –house most of the vascular system –store water

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C –grow underground for storage Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage. Stems have many functions. –support leaves and flowers –house most of the vascular system –store water –form new plants Strawberry stolons

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C Some stems are herbaceous and conduct photosynthesis.

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C Some stems can be woody, and form protective bark.

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C Secondary growth increases a plant’s width. Primary growth increases a plant’s length.

21.3 Roots and Stems TEKS 4B, 5B, 10B, 10C Tree rings help determine the age of a tree. heartwood bands bark one year of growth sapwood