Application of LCA Which option is better for the environment: remanufacturing or recycling? Answer: It depends! (But remanufacturing is typically better) 1 Source: G. Souza Time for reflection

Example A. Two Automotive Parts (Low Level of Technological Obsolescence) Source: Bert Bras (2009) In “disposal” a new part has to be produced from virgin raw materials In recycling, a new part is produced from recycled materials In remanufacturing, the part is remanufactured and reused 2 Remanufacturing is clearly better!

Example B. Cell Phones: Impact on Global Warming ( Primarily Energy Consumption ) 3 Most carbon footprint (and also energy use) occurs in purchased pars (manufacturing and raw material extraction.) Remanufacturing is best! Source: G. Souza

Example C. Desktop PCs: Impact on Global Warming ( Primarily Energy Consumption ) 4 Most carbon footprint (and also energy use) occurs in purchased pars (manufacturing and raw material extraction.) Remanufacturing is best! Source: G. Souza

Example D. Internet Switching Equipment: Impact on Global Warming (Primarily Energy Consumption) 5 Most carbon footprint (and also energy use) occurs during the use. Recycling is best, if newer equipment is more energy efficient! Source: G. Souza

Example E. Refrigerators: Impact on Cumulative Energy Consumption Source: Quariguasi Frota Neto et al Again, most energy consumption occurs in usage. Best to replace old appliances with energy efficient new appliances. Recycling is best! 6 Distribution Manufacturing Use