INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING

Introduction to Engineering l Definitions l Technology Team l Engineering Functions l Career Paths l ABET Requirements l Engineering Profession

Engineering Engineering uses scientific, technological, and mathematical knowledge to solve practical problems.

What is S cience? What is T echnology? What is E ngineering? What is M athematics? What is STEM ?

5 Engineering Versus Science  Scientists Understand why our world behaves the way it does (“laws of nature”) Study the world as it is Thinkers  Engineers Apply established scientific theories and principles to develop cost- effective solutions to practical problems  Cost effective Consideration of design trade-offs (esp. resource usage) Minimize negative impacts (e.g. environmental and social cost)  Practical problems Problems that matter to people Change the world Doers

Technology Team l Scientist - Like an engineer, but a primary goal is the expansion of knowledge and understanding physical processes. l Engineer - Applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to the efficient design and construction of usable devices, structures and processes.

Technology Team l Technologist - Technologists focus on direct application of established engineering principles and processes. Math, the physical sciences, and underlying engineering theory receive limited coverage. More interested in hardware and processes.

Technology Team l Technician - Completes a 2 year degree in a narrow technical area such as electronics, drafting, or machining. l Artisans - Training may be a combination of schooling and work experience. Examples include, welders, machinists, electricians, carpenters, painters, steel workers, and artists.

Scientists Investigate our natural world Technologists Apply science and math to designs Mathematicians Use numbers and symbols to solve problems Engineers Create our designed world STEM Working together to solve problems based on societal needs and wants

What is Engineering? l Engineering is a profession like medicine, law, etc. that aspires to high standards of conduct and recognizes its responsibility to the general public.  The discipline of engineering is extremely broad, and encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied science, technology and types of application. cleverness to contrive, devise  The term Engineering is derived from the Latin ingenium, meaning "cleverness" and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise".Latin

What is Engineering? l The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) defines engineering: “the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”

What are our human needs? Engineers solve problems that solve our needs and wants PHYSICAL NEEDS: Basic shelter Basic clothing Can you think of more? BIOLOGICAL NEEDS: Water Food Can you think of more? PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS: Family Friends Can you think of more?

What are our human wants? PHYSICAL WANTS: Nice house Nice car Nice clothes Can you think of more? BIOLOGICAL WANTS: Fresh water Fancy food Healthy living Can you think of more? PSYCHOLOGICAL WANTS: Talk with family See friends Entertainment Can you think of more? Engineers solve problems that solve our needs and wants

How are they all needed to Create a Product? ExampleScienceTechnologyEngineeringMath PencilDiscovery of graphite and the fact that rubber (eraser) will remove graphite Creating a writing device that doesn’t use ink Designing a device with graphite insert, exterior holder, and attached eraser What is the optimal length, diameter, or shape for the device?

What is Engineering? Problem How do you know you solved it? What information do you have? Solution How does it solve the problem? How well does it solve the problem? Final Solution Criteria Trends Innovations Why does it exist? Analysis Engineering Design

Evaluation: Judging the value of results to reach a conclusion Synthesis: Combining information and developing an idea. Analysis: Identifying relevant facts to make comparisons. Application: Using facts to solve problems. Comprehension: Interpreting information and changing it from one form to another to make predictions. Knowledge: Remembering factual material. What is Engineering?

Engineering Functions The focus of an engineer’s work typically falls into one or more of the following areas: l Research - explore, discover and apply new principles l Development - transform ideas or concepts into production processes l Design - link the generation of ideas and the production

Engineering Functions l Production and testing - manufacture and assemble components or products l Sales - market engineering products l Operations - maintain equipment and facilities l Construction - prior to construction organizes bids, during construction supervises certain components of process

Engineering Functions l Management - optimize the use of resources (equipment, labor, finances) l Education - teach engineering principles in university and industrial settings l Consulting - provide specialized engineering services the clients. May work alone or in partnership other engineers.

20 Engineering Disciplines  Major Disciplines Mechanical engineering Electrical engineering Civil engineering Chemical engineering Industrial engineering Computer engineering  A subspecialty within electrical engineering at many institutions  Specialized, Non-Traditional Fields Aerospace engineering Materials engineering Biomedical engineering Nuclear engineering etc.

 An electrical engineer may design a GPS for your vehicle.  A pharmaceutical/chemical engineer may find a cure for disease.  A computer engineer may build a computer the size of your watch.  A mechanical engineer may create a robot to discover water on a planet.  An agricultural engineer may evaluate the effects of global warming on food production. Engineers Work to Solve Many Kinds of Problems Engineers make our lives better

Engineers Can Do Anything  Invent – Develop a new product, system, or process that has never existed before  Innovate – Improve an existing technological product, system, or method Create Build Conceive Design Evaluate Analyze Orchestrate Invent Improve

Who employs engineers? Percentages of Employed Engineers by Major Fields and Sector of Employment (Based on 1988 data from Wright)

Career Paths for Engineers There are at least seven career options for graduating engineering students: 1) Corporate ladder 2) Independent entrepreneur 3) Military or government 4) Engineering and social service aboard 5) Professor/engineer 6) Graduate work outside engineering 7) A mix of first six options

ABET Engineering Curricula Four year engineering programs approved by The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) includes a broad range of courses.

Why is accreditation important? l ABET audits engineering programs on a regular basis to assure that the program maintains high standards. l Having an engineering degree from a four-year accredited engineering program is required to become a registered professional engineer. l ATILIM University is accredited by MÜDEK (Mühendislik Eğitim Programları Değerlendirme ve Akreditasyon Derneği)

Engineering as a Profession Engineering possesses those attributes that typically characterize a profession: l Satisfies an indispensable and beneficial need. l Requires the exercise of discretion and judgment and is not subject to standardization.

Engineering as a Profession l Involves activities that require knowledge and skill not commonly possessed by the general public. l Has group consciousness for the promotion of knowledge and professional ideas and for rendering social services. l Has a legal status and requires well-formulated standards of admission.

What is Engineering-Example? The need to be healthy, you want to lose weight  Problem Solving? You are looking for a healthier diet and you decide that adding more fruit into your diet will do the trick. You drive to the grocery store and buy some oranges. You see that a kilo costs 2.50 TL and you pick eight for a total of 1.5 kilos. What is your total cost?  Problem Solving with Constraints? You look into your budget and decide that you cannot spend more than 3 TL groceries for fruit. If an orange weighs approximately 200 grams how many oranges can you buy?

What is Engineering?  Problem Solving with Constraints and Optimization? Since the original problem was to get healthier you decide to ride your bike to the weekly farmer’s market allowing you to save an additional 1 TL of gas and buying oranges for 1.75 TL per kilo.  Problem Solving with Constraints and Optimization in a Process? You use your bike, thus saving gas and allowing you to buy more fruit for your diet. You try different fruits each month and chart your weight and pulse rate weekly. This creates a health factor per unit cost. In other words, which fruit had you lose (or maintain) your weight or lower you pulse rate (or maintain) better for the amount of money spent?