MEDIEVAL SOCIETY: CASTLE, CHURCH AND CITY

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Presentation transcript:

MEDIEVAL SOCIETY: CASTLE, CHURCH AND CITY REVISION MEDIEVAL SOCIETY: CASTLE, CHURCH AND CITY

WHAT WERE THE MIDDLE AGES ANCIENT ROME MIDDLE AGES THE RENAISSANCE HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE MIDDLE AGES? ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE – ruins of castles, excavations in towns. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – the Bayeux Tapestry, which is an account of the Norman invasion of England and the Domesday Book, which lists land ownership in England after the invasion of the Normans.

FIEF – the land which was handed over by the king or lord The NORMANS came from Normandy in France. They conquered Britain in 1066. they invaded Ireland 100 years later. They introduced the feudal system (feudalism) for land ownership where the king owned all land and it passed down as in the diagram. FEUDAL SYSTEM KING BARONS & BISHOPS KNIGHTS PEASANTS FIEF – the land which was handed over by the king or lord VASSAL – the lord or knight who received the land and promised to be faithful

MEDIEVAL CASTLES MOTTE & BAILEY CASTLES The first castles were motte and bailey. A motte was a mound of earth on which a timber fence and a keep were built. A bailey was a courtyard attached to the motte. How did these features help in the defence of a castle?

MEDIEVAL CASTLES STONE CASTLES These replaced the motte & Bailey because they were stronger. The castle’s defensive features included a curtain wall, moat, battlements, towers (turrets), drawbridge, portcullis, outer bailey, inner bailey, keep, workshops and stables. Those who wished to attack stone castles used scaling ladders, throwing rocks, siege towers, archers and battering ram.

CHURCH ARCHITECTURE ROMANESQUE GOTHIC

WHY DID THE RENAISSANCE HAPPEN IN ITALY? FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE & PEOPLE MOVING TO ROME RUINS OF ANCIENT ROME AS INSPIRATION CITY STATES COMPETED WITH EACH OTHER FOR GREATNESS INVENTION OF THE PRINTING PRESS SPREAD IDEAS WEALTH & PATRONAGE

CHANGES IN ART & ARCHITECTURE Perspective (depth) Renaissance-style clothes Realistic people Variety of colours Religious and nature themes Paints with oils, variety of colours and shading People were more realistic and lifelike Roman style architecture HUMANISM – A revived interest in the work of ancient Greece and Rome FRESCO – Painting done on damp plaster so the painting becomes part of the plaster SFUMATO – Technique invented by Da Vinci to blur outlines of figures and blend into surroundings

RESULTS OF THE RENAISSANCE PRINTING PRESS INCREASED EDUCATION & LITERACY QUESTIONING SPIRIT DEVELOPMENTS IN PAINTING, SCULPTURE & ARCHITECTURE NEW KNOWLEDGE LED TO AGE OF EXPLORATION AND REFORMATION

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