ASSESSMENT TEST Please get out a piece of paper and a pen Number your paper DO NOT WRITE ON THE ACTUAL TEST!!!!

PALEOLITHIC AGE VS. NEOLITHIC AGE NOMADS TURNED FARMERS

PALEOLITHIC AGE Old Stone Age 2 million BC to 10,000 BC People were nomadic Lived in clans of people Men hunted/fished, women gathered wild fruits/nuts/roots People depended entirely on their environment for their survival –especially the climate

Paleolithic Age… Made simple tools and weapons out of the materials at hand Stone, bone, wood Developed a spoken (oral) language Invented clothing (wrapped animal skins around their bodies) to protect themselves from the environment Lived in caves & built fires

PALEOLITHIC AGE & FIRE Gave warmth Kept animals away from campsites Used to flush out animals to make them easier to hunt Used as a cooking source thus increasing nutrition Discovery of fire occurred independently and at different time throughout the world friction two rocks

PALEOLITHIC AGE & CAVE ART Found all over Europe, Asia, Australia & Africa Painted deer, horses, buffalo, bulls, cows, & stick-figure people Lie deep in the caves Main colors were red & black, with a little yellow, maroon & violet. Paint was made out of materials ground into animal fats. The following pictures are from a Cave in Lascaux, France:

BISON

STAG & REINDEER

GREAT HALL OF BULLS

BULL, RED & BROWN HORSES

RED BULL

SWIMMING STAGS

TWO BULLS

HORSE

GROUP OF BULL, HORSES, STAGS

FIVE HORSES & A COW

Cave Art… Recap: 1) What type of materials did early man use to paint on the walls of caves? 2) What colors were used the most in their cave art? 3) In what part of the world is most cave art found?

Cave Art… Explore & Analyze: 4) Which was your favorite painting? Why? 5) How realistic or abstract are the paintings of early man? What could this tell us about them? Why do you think early man chose the subjects (i.e. the objects of the paintings) they did for their painting/drawings?

RELIGION IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE Cave Art Was it religious? Small stone statues of pregnant women Mother Earth figure, Fertility, Survival? Burying dead Animism Belief that the world was full of spirits and forces that might reside in animals, objects or dreams

MESOLITHIC AGE Middle Stone Age 10,000 to 7,000 BC Groups of people started to settle & stay in one place, but not permanently

NEOLITHIC AGE New Stone Age Started about 7,000 BC Learned how to farm, which allowed them to stay in one place Slash & Burn agriculture Built permanent villages Developed advanced tools Domesticated plants & animals Pottery & Weaving Skills

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION & PERMANENT VILLAGES Appeared in Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica Oldest and largest were located in Southwest Asia Catalhuyuk in modern Turkey had an estimated 6,000 inhabitants Food grown outside city walls included fruits, nuts and wheat Signs of domesticated animals for milk, meat and hide are apparent as well as additional hunting Evidence of specialized labor (artisans), trade, and religion (temples) have also been found

Neolithic Age… Neolithic Agricultural Revolution (the change from hunting and gathering to farming) Led to a growth in population Which led to the decline in women’s status, as men controlled family, economic & political life Led to trade & accumulation of wealth Led to the development of new technology Calendars, plow, arrowhead, ax heads

CIVILIZATION CHARACTERISTICS Cities developed in river valleys near water sources Government first led by monarchs who controlled the people, armies and made laws Religion multiple gods and goddess Social Structure upper class were rulers and priests, followed by artisans and military, and farmers were the bottom Writing keep records as well as creative expression

STONEHENGE An archeolog ical  An Archeological site in England built during the Neolithic Age (finished in the Bronze Age)

ALEPPO & JERICHO Aleppo and Jericho are examples of early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by Archaeolo- gists.

CATALHOYUK Catalhoyuk is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia (Turkey).

PALEOLITHIC VS. NEOLITHIC Food: Hunting and gathering Dwellings: Caves, nomadic people Technology: Digging sticks, spears, axes, & spoken language Religion & Art: Cave paintings, religious statues, belief in afterlife Food: Farming, domesticated animals Dwellings: Permanent villages, stone houses Technology: Stone tools, polished ax heads, arrowheads, weaving cloth, calendar, wheel Religion & Art: Jewelry, buried dead in earthen tombs Led to Bronze & Iron Age