Chapter 15.5 The Way to Victory

SOUTHERN VICTORIES Gloomy for North but Hope for the South Lee’s Northern Virginia Army seemed unbeatable

December 13, 1862 Burnside (North) and Lee (South) meet Burnside had larger army Confederates were entrenched Victory for Confederates Burnside resigns out of humiliation Joseph Hooker becomes North general Fredericksburg

Battle of Chancellorville, Virginia Hooker rebuilds northern army Lee attacks Hooker’s army Confederate wins again! Many causalities Stonewall Jackson killed by Confederate troop by accident Oops, I am sorry! Too late, he’s dead

The Tide of War Turns Lee decides to invade the north A southern victory would give the south a moral boost and perhaps convince Britain and France to aid in the war effort

Battle of Gettysburg June, 1863 Hooker is replaced by George Meade. Hooker wanted to attack Richmond and Lincoln wanted him to go after Lee. Meade was to attack Lee, protect Washington, D. C. and Baltimore from Confederate attacks

The Battle Begins at Gettysburg Lee and Meade meet by accident at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1863 Lee was raiding Gettysburg for shoes 3 days of bloody fighting Northern troops outnumbered Retreated to Cemetery Ridge Confederates attack Cemetery Ridge

Pickett’s Charge On third day, Lee ordered General George Pickett to charge the ridge 13,000 soldiers advanced in an open 1/2 mile field Confederates were easy targets Very few Confederate soldiers made it to the ridge Less 1/2 soldiers returned

Lee is retreats at Gettysburg Lee knew that the battle was a lost and retreated Meade does not follow Lee and Lee gets away Lincoln is furious at Meade for allowing Lee to get away Lincoln said “We only had to stretch forth our hands and they were ours”.

Turning Point of the War The tide of the war is turned at Gettysburg North is victorious and South is devastated. North moral is boosted South moral is deflated

Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi July 4, 1863 Confederate controlled Mississippi River with a fort on a high bluff Northern general Grant attacks Vicksburg for several months and finally seizes the Confederate strong hold

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Cemetery dedication Lincoln gives famous Gettysburg Address Address helps Americans look beyond battles and focus on their shared ideas

Final Phases of War Lincoln names Grant as Commander of Northern Army Although Grant was wild and crazy and had resigned due to drinking problems in 1854, Lincoln said “I can’t spare this man. He fights” Lincoln finally found a general that would get the work done

General Grant’s Goals of War Grant decides to attack the South on all fronts at once. Army of Potomac would try to crush Lee’s troop in Virginia Western Army under Sherman would march through Georgia and capture Atlanta

Virginia Battles Spring of 1864, Northern troops met up with Southern troops under Lee 3 battles occur outside of Richmond, Virginia Lee held fast but Grant continued to resume attacks North claims victory but at a large cost of human lives 60,000 Northern casualties Critics called Grant a butcher

Election of 1864 Grant could not capture Richmond, Sherman could not capture Atlanta, Georgia and North moral drops Lincoln re-election chances did not look good

Candidates for 1864 election Democrats wanted to make peace with the south even if it meant Confederate independence. General George McClellan was their candidate Republicans supported the war and Lincoln’s presidency. Abraham Lincoln was their candidate

Lincoln wins election of 1864 Sherman takes Atlanta Farragut takes the Mobile Bay in Alabama which allows the North to control the Gulf of Mexico Sheridan controls Shenandoah Valley in Virginia North’s mood change and re-elect Lincoln by taking 55% of the popular vote

Total War Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman ‘s army advances from Atlanta Georgia to Savannah, Georgia Burned fields and crops Destroyed Railroads and roads Burned homes Killed animals Took anything that would be useful to the South

Sherman’s March After Savannah, Sherman marches North destroying everything The Southern people are devastated and spirits were broken Successful mental decay of the South by the North But, will the South ever forget?

Victory for the North Throughout the fall of 1864, Grant continued the seize of Petersburg, an important railroad center outside of Richmond April 2, 1865 Petersburg falls to the Union Richmond fell the same day

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Surrender at Appomattox Lee surrenders to General Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse, a small town. Grant’s term were generous: Confederate soldiers were to lay down their arms and free to go home Grant allowed them to keep their horses and supplies to help them rebuild their homes and crops.

Surrender Terms at Appomattox, 1865 General R.E. Lee, Commanding C.S.A. APPOMATTOX Ct H., Va., April 9,1865, General; In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th inst., I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all officers and men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer to be designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly [exchanged], and each company or regimental commander to sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked, and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by the United States authorities so long as they observe their paroles, and the laws in force where they may reside. Very respectfully, U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General Terms of Surrender

Victorious North Grant orders the surrendering Confederate Soldiers be given 3 days worth of food. Jefferson Davis fled Richmond before it fall, but was captured on May 10th in Georgia The Civil War was officially over

Results of the War 600,000 soldiers died Cost billions of dollars damage, mostly in the South Created bitter feelings among Southerners that have lasted for generations The North saved the Union Strengthened the federal government

And, Finally The Civil War freed millions of African Americans What will the freed slaves do now? Where will they go? How will they support themselves Most could not read or write Many did not have any skill Are they Americans?

Assignment Make a list of the top ten problems the United States and citizens faced at the conclusion of the Civil War. Give an example on how the United States could solve each problem.