Glory, War, and Decline The Rule of Pericles How did Pericles influence government and culture in Athens? Mrs. DelGrosso Ms. West

Who was Pericles? New Athenian leader. Under his rule… Golden Age of Prosperity and Achievement Economic and cultural center of Greece Democratic government

As we go through this presentation, refer back to this chart to list the accomplishments of Pericles. Age of Pericles

Democracy in Athens Direct Democracy- All citizens meet to debate and vote on government matters. Representative Democracy- Citizens elect a smaller group of people. This group represents them, makes laws, and governs on their behalf.

Pericles in Charge Came into power after the Persian Wars. He guided the city-state for 30 years. Pericles brought change… Appointed officials based on abilities, not on social class. Shopkeepers, laborers, governed along side with nobles and farmers. Center of learning and the arts. Athens was rebuilt He built new temples, monuments, and statues. Supported writers, artists, teachers sculptors, and architects.

Philosophers flourished during the rule of Pericles. Who were philosophers? Philosophers are thinkers who reflect on the meaning of life. Athens became a great center for knowledge. “School of Greece”

Turn and Talk How was Athens able to become a direct democracy?

Athenian Democracy Type of Democracy Right to Vote LawsApproved by both house of Congress and signed by the President. Citizen Involvement Citizens with voting rights can vote for or against any law.

Stop and jot! What was life like for Athenian men and Athenian women? Slaves?

Discuss with your table We know Athenian farms lacked sufficient land to grow enough food to support their city-state. What did they do?

War Between Athens and Sparta Survival depended on cooperation. Persian threat remained in place. Athens joined with other city-states to form a defensive league (protective group) to defend its members against the Persians. The leagues headquarters was located on the island of Delos. League became known as the Delian League.

Delian League Athens gave sailors and soldiers. Other city-states supplied money and ships. Greek drove Persians out. Free of Persian domination, Greece grew richer through increased oversea trade.

Athenian Empire Despite the Delian League’s success – it failed. Pericles’s leadership helped Athens dominate the league and control other city-states. Pericles treated other city-states like subjects. He demanded loyalty and regular payments from them.

War Breaks Out In 431 B.C. war broke out between Athens and Sparta Both wanted economical and political power. Historians called this conflict the Peloponnesian War because Sparta was located in the Peloponnesus.

Predict Stop and Jot! Why did Athens lose the War? Think what was Sparta known for.

Why did Athens lose the War? Sparta could easily defeat the Athenian army. Athens remained safe for nearly 2 years because of their navy. This is something Sparta lacked. A deadly disease broke out killing more than a third of Athenian people, including Pericles.

Why did Athens lose the War? third of Athenian people, including Pericles. Sparta made a deal with the Persian Empire. Sparta gave them territory in return for gold. With this gold they were able to build their own navy. Athens democracy had been overthrown and then restored. Sparta destroyed the Athenian fleet. The Athenian empire had collapsed.

The Effects of the War Brought disaster to the Greek city-states. Governments were left divided and weak. Many died from battle and disease. Fighting destroyed farms. As conflict continued, city-states failed to notice the threat from Macedonia to the North. This eventually cost the city-states their independence.

Pericles Funeral Oration Athens held a public funeral to honor soldiers who had died in battle. Funeral Oration was a famous speech given by Pericles. Discusses the greatness of Athens and how the people made the government strong. Reminded them that citizens had to obey rules but they were also rewarded certain rights. Turn and Talk! What were some rules they had? What were some rights they had?

Pericles emphasized that the democratic way of life is worth protecting. He urged his listeners to have the courage to continue fighting. The idea Pericles expressed are still valued by citizens of democratic countries today. Pericles is often referred to as the Father of Democracy.

Pericles was not an emperor, a king, or even a president, yet he was able to lead Athens to the greatest glories the city would ever know. How do you think he was able to accomplish what he did?