Colonial America Grows Chapter 1 Section 5

Do Now How did immigration influence colonial America? How did immigration influence colonial America? Where were the majority of Immigrants from? Where were the majority of Immigrants from?

Introduction Population grew rapidly Population grew rapidly Most women had 7 children and not uncommon to have 14 children (TFR) Most women had 7 children and not uncommon to have 14 children (TFR) Population doubled from 25,000 (1640) to 250,000 by 1700 Population doubled from 25,000 (1640) to 250,000 by 1700 Population doubled every 25 years Population doubled every 25 years By 1776 the population was 2.5 millionBy 1776 the population was 2.5 million Causes of population growth Causes of population growth Improved sanitation and housingImproved sanitation and housing Cotton Mather, Puritan reverend, introduced inoculation for smallpoxCotton Mather, Puritan reverend, introduced inoculation for smallpox

Immigration Contributed to pop. Growth Contributed to pop. Growth 300,000 Europeans immigrated between 1700 and ,000 Europeans immigrated between 1700 and 1775 Most settled in middle colonies, especially Pennsylvania in the backcountryMost settled in middle colonies, especially Pennsylvania in the backcountry 100,000 Germans (Mennonites)100,000 Germans (Mennonites) Scots-Irish – Western FrontierScots-Irish – Western Frontier Jewish Portuguese also immigrated to New YorkJewish Portuguese also immigrated to New York Forced Immigration from of enslaved Africans to Southern colonies Forced Immigration from of enslaved Africans to Southern colonies

Women (Colonial America) Did not have equal rights Did not have equal rights Could not own property or sign contracts or willsCould not own property or sign contracts or wills Husbands were the sole guardian of childrenHusbands were the sole guardian of children Single women and widows had more rights Single women and widows had more rights Could own property, file lawsuits, and run businessesCould own property, file lawsuits, and run businesses Women’s right improved in late 1700s and men needed their wives permission to sell or mortgage land Women’s right improved in late 1700s and men needed their wives permission to sell or mortgage land

Africans in the Colonies Horrible voyage in ships to the Americas Horrible voyage in ships to the Americas Est million Africans were enslaved b/t 1450 and 1870 Est million Africans were enslaved b/t 1450 and million died at sea 2 million died at sea Est. 3.6 million went to Brazil and 1.5 million to Spanish ColoniesEst. 3.6 million went to Brazil and 1.5 million to Spanish Colonies Those who were sick were thrown overboardThose who were sick were thrown overboard British, French and Dutch colonies in Caribbean imported 3.7 million to work on plantations British, French and Dutch colonies in Caribbean imported 3.7 million to work on plantations 500,000 were transported to British North America 500,000 were transported to British North America

Slavery Colonial Americas

Africans in the Colonies Cont… Chattel Slavery was not first recognized in the Americas Chattel Slavery was not first recognized in the Americas Treated at first like indentured servants later lost more rightsTreated at first like indentured servants later lost more rights At first could obtain freedom by becoming ChristianAt first could obtain freedom by becoming Christian 1705 Virginia wrote a slave code – other colonies followed 1705 Virginia wrote a slave code – other colonies followed Could not own property, vote, assemble, attend school, testify against whites, or move freelyCould not own property, vote, assemble, attend school, testify against whites, or move freely Most lived on Southern plantationsMost lived on Southern plantations Stono Rebellion Carolina Stono Rebellion Carolina Group of Africans in South Carolina rebelled against plantation owners and tried to escape to Spanish FloridaGroup of Africans in South Carolina rebelled against plantation owners and tried to escape to Spanish Florida

The Enlightenment Thinkers believed natural laws applied to social, political, and economic relationships Rationalism – people could understand natural laws through reason and logic This lead to the revolutionary ideas of the “Founding Fathers” – Jefferson, Washington, Franklin, etc. John Locke Natural Rights – Life, liberty, property People were blank slates that could be improved Rousseau Social Contract – people agreed to laws for the good of society Montesquieu – Three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) Provided arguments against British rule

Picture Analysis

The Great Awakening Some Americans embraced pietism – stressed an emotional union with God. Undermined allegiance to traditional authority Revivals were held by ministers Widespread religious fervor is known as the Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards – emotional preaching helped start Great Awakening George Whitefield – also inspired many listeners (founder Methodism) Many religions embraced Great Awakening – Baptists, Presbyterians, and Congregationalists Many poor farmers converted to the Baptist Church