Strategies in host-related special risks
Infants and Children Infants and small children may encounter health problems in tropical destinations; particularly, they are at considerable risk of gastrointestinal infections. Parents with very young children should be advised against vacationing in countries where such problems are likely to occur.
Infants and Children Even greater contraindications against travel to the developing countries exist for infants and children with immune deficiency, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, serious handicaps, and conditions which require repeated blood transfusion. Infants and small children often cry during descent of an aircraft because of pain in the ears. To open their eustachian tubes and reduce the negative pressure in the middle ear, they may be given a drink or chewing gum as soon as the aircraft descends.
Infants and Children Parents must be reminded that motion sickness and bruises( 淤血 ) occur more frequently in children than in adults, and they should equip their travel medical kit accordingly. Acute mountain sickness is a greater risk for children and young adults than for healthy older travelers. Skin hygiene is paramount, a daily bath in clean water will reduce the risk of infections
Infants and Children Children should wear light cotton clothes and closes shoes to avoid infection from cuts and scratches or parasitic infestation of the feet. Protection from ultraviolet radiation is of utmost importance as danger of damage to the skin and eyes is greater at that age than in adults. It must be ensured that food and beverage preparation, especially in a hot climate, is done in a perfectly hygienic condition.
Infants and Children The first step against malaria is taking preventive measures against mosquito bites. This can be achieved by wearing long sleeves and full-length pants and with light treatment of the uncovered skin with DEET, EBAAP, or Bayrepel. Parents should also be briefed about crisis management in case of illness acquired abroad.