Introduction activity If we are all poor, Who is the poorest?

Welcome to the orientation of Cash Transfer Programming March 31, 2016

An introduction to cash transfer programming in emergencies

Objectives 1. Describe the rationale for cash transfer programming in a humanitarian context 2. Understand different types of cash transfer programming and potential outcomes 3. Describe guiding principles in the design and implementation of CTP

Agree – Disagree Exercise

What is cash transfer? “Cash transfer programming in emergencies is one form of humanitarian response which can be used to address basic needs and/or protect, establish or re-establish community asset or livelihoods. ” IFRC and ICRC Guidelines for cash transfer programming

Humanitarian reasons Empowerment and dignity Choice and flexibility Power transfer Links response to recovery Why cash transfers?

Pragmatic reasons Cost efficient Multiplier effects Support to local trade linked to economic recovery Fewer costs for recipients Why cash transfers?

Goods Production Raw materials TransportWarehousing Beneficiaries RESPONSE THRU CASH ELIMINATED CASH

Types of cash transfer modalities (by category)  UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER (UCT) - cash is given without the need to work or attend an activity; - Cash usage is either restricted or not; - cash is given to targeted household either thru set of criteria or blanket distribution.  CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER (CCT) - cash is given with condition to participate a work or activity; - cash usage is either restricted or not; - beneficiaries will met set of criteria

Cash for work Cash for training (skill development) Cash vouchers Types of cash transfer modalities

Cash for work Objectives: Increase people’s purchasing power Create or rehabilitate community assets Cash for work is the payment of cash wages in exchange for work that is done on public works schemes to rehabilitate community assets or those that might obstruct or pose danger to life. We use CRA as the approach to identify CFW project.

Cash grants Objectives: To meet basic needs or to purchase livelihood assets To repay debts, purchase non-food items and stimulate the economy Cash grants are a provision of money to targeted households, can be conditional or unconditional

Cash vouchers There are two types of vouchers: 1) Cash vouchers 2) Commodity vouchers A voucher intervention aims to: facilitate access to a specified range of commodities or services. Note: this can be either thru paper voucher or electronic voucher

When to use cash transfer? Pre disaster Initial stages of a disaster Recovery or transition period In chronic crises During conflict

When to use CTP? Relief links to development Preparedness Disaster Humanitarian Response and Early Recovery Sustainable Development

How CTP can support an emergency response Addresses the immediate consequences of humanitarian crisis - the over-riding humanitarian imperative - meeting basic needs Planned in the short-term (usually up to six months, but may be longer in complex emergencies) Helps people face their basic needs Targets those most affected by the crisis

How CTP can support early recovery Address needs beyond those of saving lives (e.g. factors which underlie the emergency) Work in a way that contributes to rebuilding society, the State, the economy Planned in the short- to medium-term (up to 1-2 years) Support households’ livelihood, and recovery of previous livelihood Support provision of basic services Target families facing specific vulnerabilities who were hit by the emergency Target people who are vulnerable to crises in the long term.

Appropriate conditions for CTP Functioning markets Availability of products Traders willing and able to participate Physical access to shops/markets Functional and reliable payment system Political acceptance Community awareness and agreement Reliable recipient identification system

Principles of cash transfer Food insecure or poorest targeted Physically vulnerable targeted ‘Ownership’ by the community Gender sensitivity Fair and equitable pay Livelihoods not undermined

Risks Anti-social use of cash Security risks for staff or beneficiaries Theft or looting Inflation Diversion by authorities, elites, factions Gender bias

Key reasons to use cash interventions Because livelihood insecurity is often due to people’s inability to access local food and other items, rather than unavailability of items Beneficiaries have very different priorities Cash helps people take responsibility for their own recovery Often the most effective and cost effective way of delivering assistance

Note!! As with the provision of any commodity, the provision of cash in an emergency is not a strategy in itself, but a tool for addressing needs.

Mechanisms of Cash Transfer - Manual distribution - Financial Service Providers  Remittance Centers  Banks -E-payments  Debit cards / ATM Cards  Mobile Phone Transfers  Prepaid cards

Terminologies CTP – Cash Transfer Program CBP – Cash Based Program CFW – Cash For Work CFT – Cash For Training UCT – Unconditional Cash Transfer CCT – Conditional Cash Transfer FSP – Financial Service Provider Merchants – Wholesaler / retailer of goods