Spanish-American War Aim: How did the Spanish American War change the U.S.? Do Now: Secretary of State John Hay referred to the conflict with Spain as a “splendid little war” – describe what you think that means.

War in the Philippines Conflict with Spain would be fought in the Caribbean and the Philippine islands. Once war was declared Commodore George Dewey sailed his fleet into Manila – the main city in the Philippines On April 30, 1898 the U.S. was able to destroy the entire Spanish fleet after being in Manila (the capital) for only ONE day By July, American ground troops had landed in the Philippines They received support from the local people who had been fighting the Spanish for independence for years The Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, quickly helped the Americans capture Manila.

War in Cuba The expedition against Spain in Cuba was badly organized Clothes were too heavy Food was spoiled Disease was rampant Teddy Roosevelt resigned his position as Assistant Secretary of the Navy and organized the First Volunteer Cavalry Regiment The Rough Riders – ranged from cowboys to college students to adventurers During the battle for city of Santiago – Americans needed to gain control of San Juan Hill African soldiers in the 9 th and 10 th cavalries played a major role in the victory (Buffalo soldiers)

The Rough Riders

“A splendid little war” After that battle, Spain surrendered and the American troops landed in Puerto Rico and claimed the island In August the war was officially over and Spain and the U.S. agreed to end fighting American losses in battle were fairly light – only 379 However, more than 5,000 died from other causes (yellow fever, typhoid, malaria)

Debate over the Peace Treaty Signed in Paris in 1898, Spain agreed to grant Cuba its freedom U.S. received two islands – Guam and Puerto Rico In return for $20 million, Spain handed over the Philippines Many Americans objected because they said it made America a colonial power Expansionists favored it – the navy needed bases in the Pacific and Caribbean The Senate approved and it was ratified in 1899 America now had a true overseas empire

Ruling and Empire Cuba U.S. let Cubans write their own Constitution Cuba had to accept the Platt Amendment It would allow the U.S. to intervene in Cuba and it gave the U.S. control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay The amendment made Cuba an American protectorate A nation whose independence is limited by the control of a more powerful country. Puerto Rico U.S. set up a new government under the Foraker Act of 1900 The act gave Puerto Ricans only a limited say in their own affairs By 1917, Puerto Ricans were made citizens of the U.S.

Revolt in the Philippines Filipino nationalists had been fighting for their independence long before the war started Led by Emilio Aguinaldo the nationalists now fought against the U.S. for their freedom It dragged out for years and finally in 1901, Aguinaldo was captured and the war was over. The war against the nationalists was longer and more costly than the Spanish-American war In 1902, the U.S. set up a government in the Philippines similar to the one in Puerto Rico Filipinos were not made citizens because the U.S. planned on giving them their independence.

Buffalo Soldier- Bob Marley & The Wailers