32-1: The Nixon Administration

1. Size and power of the federal government Policies: Adopted policy of New Federalism (A plan to give federal power back to the states) Backed a revenue-sharing bill that overhauled federal spending = federal government would share money with state and local governments who could spend federal dollars however they saw fit with few limits Blocked funding for laws Nixon didn’t like Abolished the office of economic opportunity

2. Inefficiency of the welfare system Policies: Nixon backed the Family Assistance Plan (FAP) = a welfare reform proposal to give direct relief ($$) to poor families The plan failed to pass Congress

3. Vietnam War and domestic disorder Policies: De-escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam Conducted Peace negotiations with Vietnam Approved illegal FBI wiretaps on left-wing, antiwar and civil rights groups as well as CIA and IRS investigations and infiltrations of those groups Nixon built an “enemies list” of prominent Americans Nixon sent Vice President, Spiro Agnew, on a speaking tour to attack the opposition

4. Nixon’s reelection Policies: Adopted the Southern strategy to attract Southern conservative Democratic voters who were dissatisfied with desegregation and the Supreme Court To attract white voters Nixon ordered HEW (Department of Health, Education and Welfare) to delay school desegregation plans, but the Supreme Court intervened and made the administration act more quickly Opposed the extension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but Congress extended the act Urged Congress to halt the integration of schools through busing

5. Liberalism and Supreme-Court justices Policies: Nixon replaced 3 Supreme Court Justices with more conservative justices Supreme Court Justices appointed by Nixon: Harry A. Blackmon William H. Rehnquist Warren Burger

6. Stagflation and Recession Policies: Raised taxes, cut the budget, raised interest rates, instituted wage and price controls stagflation: occurs when unemployment and inflation rise at the same time (weak economy: )

7. U.S. –China Relations Policies: Adopted a policy of détente (Ease Cold War tensions) Nixon visited Communist China China and U.S. agree that neither nation would try to dominate the Pacific and would cooperate in settling disputes peacefully U.S. recognized that Taiwan was part of mainland China U.S. promised to remove U.S. forces from Taiwan President and Mrs. Nixon, with Secretary of State William Rogers on a sight seeing tour of the Great Wall near Beijing durng his visit to China in Nixon told reporters "It is a Great Wall!"

7. U.S. –Soviet Relations Policies: Adopted a policy of détente (Ease Cold War tensions) Nixon visited the USSR Signed the Salt I Treaty (5- year treaty to limit nuclear weapons) Signed Agreements with the USSR on West Berlin and East Germany Nixon and Soviet Leader, Breshnev, during the Soviet visit

Terms Realpolitik: Henry Kissinger, Nixon’s main foreign policy advisor, based his foreign policy views on a philosophy known as realpolitik. This meant that that Kissinger dealt with other nations in a practical and flexible manner. Kissinger believed that it was practical to ignore weak nations, but important to deal with strong nations

Terms OPEC: Organization of nations that export oil. In 1973 a war broke out with Israel against Egypt and Syria. The U.S. sent military aid to Israel. The OPEC nations sided With Syria and Egypt, and stopped selling oil to the U.S. Between the fall of 1973 and March of 1974 U.S. motorists faced a serious gasoline crisis. When OPEC started selling oil to the U.S again, the price had Quadrupled.