Ethology = the study of animal behavior
Behavior = a response to a stimulus
Innate Behavior ◦ “ in born” ◦ Determined genetically ◦ it is predictable ◦ aides in survival and reproduction 2 types ◦ Reflex ◦ Instinct
Simplest type of innate behavior A response determined by a fixed pathway in the nervous system
Hand on a hot stove Eyes blinking
Pupils dilating Knee jerk reflex
Complex innate behavior Performed perfectly without learning
Instincts that are repeated on a 24 hour basis Example – Activity periods ◦ Nocturnal ◦ Diurnal ◦ Crepuscular (low light)
Learned Behavior ◦ When an animal’s experience results in a change of behavior. 5 types ◦ Insight ◦ Imprinting ◦ Habituation ◦ Classical Conditioning ◦ Operant Conditioning
1. More often in animals with a complex nervous system 2. More often in animals with a longer life span 3. More often in animals with a lot of parental care 4. Is adaptable and offers a great potential for changing behavior
Reasoning or rational thinking Ability to solve an unfamiliar problem without benefit of trial and error Example – chimpanzees with boxes and hanging bananas Watch a pigeon do it!! =mDntbGRPeEU
Occurs in young animals Animal forms strong social attachment to an organism soon after hatching Rapid and irreversible – “Critical Period” Konrad Lorenz and Geese
Animal learns NOT to perform a certain behavior After a period of exposure to stimulus, an animal stops responding Examples ◦ Prairie Dog towns near human trails (don’t “cry wolf”) ◦ Living and sleeping near train tracks
A response to a stimulus that would normally not cause such a response Example ◦ Ivan Pavlov and dogs Salivation Reflex (bell -> food)
If a behavior is followed by a reward (reinforcement), the animal is more likely to repeat that behavior B.F. Skinner and pigeons ◦ Example ◦ Dog Training
Orientation = move from place to place (compass in brain) ex. Birds Courtship = hormones and mating Aggression and Territoriality = defend area to secure food and mates Social Behavior = groups/cooperation Communication = all senses (sight, sound, touch, smell)