Early Societies of Africa and the Bantu Migrations AP WORLD HISTORY MR. BEARD NORTHWEST CABARRUS HS

PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS- “Hymn to the Nile”  A primary source is written in the time period.  You must analyze the Primary Source by utilizing the 6 C’S of analysis  Content  Describe what you see/read in detail. This will be akin to SPICE.  Citation  Who was the author? What was their position? When was it crafted?  Context  What is going on in the locality, political unit, nation, region or world when this was created?  Connections  Link the primary source to other things you have learned  Communication  Point of view or bias. Is this source reliable  Conclusion  What effect does this primary source have. How does it deepen our understanding.

Early Agriculture Society in Africa  The three most prominent  Egypt  Nubia  Bantu Civilizations  Climate Change effected the development of these civilizations  Early Sudanic Kingdoms  The Sahara was a lush steepe land.  Focus on Divine Kings and agricultural towns – cattle domestication  Kings buried slaves and treasures in their tombs CULTURAL DIFFUSION SAY WHAT?  Climatic Change  Sahara becomes a desert and people migrate (of course) to a source of fertile land for farming… oh hey, Nile River.

The Nile River Valley

WHY SETTLE HERE?  Fertile Nile River Valley  Sahara Desert

SYMBOLS OF ANICENT EGYPT  Upper Egypt: Lotus Flower  Lower Egypt: Papyrus  East Bank: Location of Temples  West Bank: Location of Tombs

EGYPTIAN RELIGION  Greatest influence on daily lives  Polytheistic  Prepared for Afterlife

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE  Longest lasting legacy  “The bigger the better”  Reflected importance of religion

Government  Formed by 3000 BCE  Unified for most of history  Early Kingdom  Middle Kingdom  Late Kingdom  Theocracy  Pharaoh was a god-king  Women could be pharaohs  Hatshepsut ( BCE) Ramses II

Religion  Thousands of gods  Gods have animal and human qualities  Gods & goddesses  Relatively egalitarian  Believe in afterlife  Heaven & Hell  Mummification  Pyramids & Temples

Society  Social Stratification  Limited opportunity for social mobility  Slavery common  Women have more rights  Could own property, propose marriage, and demand a divorce

Culture  Hieroglyphic writing on papyrus  Mathematics  Geometry  Calendar system  365 days (off by 6 hours)  Medicine  Architecture

The Nubian Kingdoms

 Nubia was located south of Egypt along the Nile, in modern day Sudan.  Nubia did not have as good of farmland as Egypt but they had a wealth of minerals such as gold, and precious stones.  Nubia was a trading center, and the people were expert traders, craftsman, pottery makers and archers.  Nubia began around the same time as the Old Kingdom of Egypt. About Nubia

 Nubia and Egypt both became wealthy and powerful, which began a rivalry between the two. They both sought control of each others land and resources.  During Egypt’s middle kingdom, Egypt was able to conquer and control the region of Nubia.  This Led to the Nubians adopting Egyptian culture and practices. CULTURAL DIFFUSION Egypt VS. Nubia

 This kingdom grew in Southern Nubia.  It was conquered by Egypt in the New Kingdom by Ramses the Great, and he built monuments to his victories there.  Egypt was weak after Ramses death so the Kushite King Piankhi saw an opening and invaded and conquered Egypt and Kushite kings ruled Egypt as Pharaohs for 100 years.  The Kushites were pushed out of Egypt when the Assyrains conquered all of Egypt. The Kingdom of Kush