The Cold War at Home HUAC Blacklisting McCarthyism.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War at Home HUAC Blacklisting McCarthyism

Definitions Joseph McCarthy –Wisconsin Senator famous for unsupported accusations of members of the State Department and US Army

Definitions Blacklist- A list of people who had communist backgrounds deemed unfit for hire

McCarthyism Republican Senator from WI, Joseph McCarthy Made unsupported accusations of suspected communists in the Senate “I have in my hand the names of 5,781,201 Communists in the State Department

Definitions HUAC- House Un- American Activities Committee Investigated communist influences in Hollywood Subpoenaed 43 witnesses, jailed the Hollywood 10 Actor & future president Ronald Reagan testifies before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Date Photographed: October 23, 1947

Why? A Little Background… People were already fearful of communist threat The detonation of the Atomic Bomb by USSR on 3 September 1949 Establishment of communist satellite states Korean War ends in a stalemate Truman administration accused of being ‘soft on communism’

HUAC The House Un-American Activities Committee Came out of the Federal Employee Loyalty Program, which was established in March, 1947

HUAC Investigated communist influences inside the US First made headlines investigating the movie industry Subpoenaed 44 witnesses in Sept Included famous actors like Gary Cooper

The Hollywood Ten Accused of having knowledge of communist influences in the movie industry Would not cooperate and were jailed Blacklisted Blacklists were lists of people who were unfit because of an alleged communist background

Effects Loyalty oaths taken by millions of Americans Anti-communist ideas drive US foreign policy People afraid to speak out Eventual governmental backlash once McCarthy began to focus on some politicians (Democrats) and the press… (Partisanship)

Reactions Cartoonist Herb Block Harry S. Truman Margaret Chase Smith –“I speak as an American… I am not proud of the reckless abandon in which unproved charges have been hurled…”

Reactions

There WERE some REAL SPIES…. Alger Hiss Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Alger Hiss Accused in 1948 of being a spy for the Soviet Union Convicted of perjury Conviction reinforced by documents released by USSR in 1990s

The Rosenbergs Implicated in the Klaus Fuchs case (another spy case) Supplying information to the Soviets that helped their atomic program Pleaded the 5 th Sentenced to death after espionage conviction