(c) 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Fourteen: Exploring the Origins of Sexuality

How One Determines Gender Identity Biologically 1. Genetic basis: at conception, sex chromosomes of xx = female, while xy represents a male 2. Gonadal basis: at the 7 th week of development, males develop testes and females develop ovaries after the 12 th week 3. Structural development: male genital development (penis, scrotum); female genital development due to lack of male hormone exposure

Biological Sexuality and the Childhood Years 4. Childhood years: stages of development are latent 5. Puberty: gradual maturing process for boys and girls: menarche occurs in young girls while young boys develop about two years later (i.e., nocturnal emission)

Psychosocial Bases of Human Sexuality 1. Gender identity: at the 18 th month, toddlers recognize differences of gender 2. Gender preference: pre-school year stage where reinforcement of proper gender behavior is reinforced by parents, etc. Ability to influence masculine/feminine aspects of sexuality

Psychosocial Bases of Human Sexuality, cont’d 3. Gender adoption: the process of learning the behavior of adult levels that is considered traditionally acceptable for one’s gender 4. Gender identification: the task of forming an adult identity as either a man or woman to one’s satisfaction Ability to influence gender roles Androgyny is the blending of feminine and masculine qualities which is being socially accepted in our society today

Male Reproductive System Figure 14-2 Be able to identify location/function of reproductive organs

Female Reproductive System Figure 14-3 Be able to identify location/function of reproductive organs

Menstrual Cycle Figure 14-4 Breakdown of the endometrial lining and discharge of tissue (menses)

Identify 3 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle 1. Menstrual phase: ¼ - ½ cup of blood and tissue is sloughed off during a 5-7 day period 2. Pre-ovulation: week length of release of FSH and eventually LH leading to ovulation around day Post-ovulation: build-up of endometrial tissue with presence of progesterone which will lead into pregnancy or eventual discharge around day 28

Related Conditions Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): psychological symptoms that recur during the same phase of the menstrual cycle Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): psychological symptoms that recur during the same phase of the menstrual cycle Fibrocystic Breast Condition: excessive secretory activity producing swollen, firm, or hardened breast tissue Fibrocystic Breast Condition: excessive secretory activity producing swollen, firm, or hardened breast tissue Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycle) Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycle) Menopause (gradual decline in reproductive system function, usually by late 40’s –mid 50’s Menopause (gradual decline in reproductive system function, usually by late 40’s –mid 50’s

Identify 3 Additional Aspects of Human Sexuality 1. Reproductive sexuality: related to procreation 2. Genital sexuality: non-reproductive use of sex organs (recreation and communication) 3. Expressionistic sexuality: cognitive, affective, and behavioral expressions of one’s gender

(c) 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Fourteen: Exploring the Origins of Sexuality