Jefferson Takes Office Chapter 10 Sec. 1

The Election of 1800  The election of 1800 was a very nasty election.  The Federalists and Democratic Republicans had very different views about government Democratic – Republicans felt they were saving the nation from monarchy and oppression. Federalists thought they were saving the nation from radicals

The Election of 1800  Thomas Jefferson was the candidate for the Democratic-Republicans  President John Adams was the candidate for the Federalists  The Democratic Republicans won the election, but their two candidates, Jefferson and Burr, tied.

Breaking the Tie  In the event of a tie, the House of Representatives votes to choose between the two winning candidates.  The House of Reps was still controlled by the Federalists who didn’t really like either candidate’s views.  They voted 35 times over a period of 7 days and tied each and every time

Breaking the Tie  Finally Alexander Hamilton’s friend James A. Bayard persuaded a number of Federalists to vote for Jefferson.  Jefferson was elected on the 36 th ballot and Aaron Burr became Vice- President  Burr was angry about Hamilton’s insults and they later dueled resulting in Hamilton’s death

The Talented Jefferson  Jefferson was a lawyer  He advised the architects an designers of Washington, D.C.  He designed his home, Monticello  Skilled violinists, horseman, amateur scientist, reader, inventor - multitalented

Jefferson’s Philosophy  Wanted to promote a common way of life A nation of small farmers would uphold the strong morals and democratic values he associated with country living  Behaved like a gentleman farmer Walked to his inauguration Ate at round tables so no one held a place of honor

Jefferson’s Philosophy  Jefferson’s tombstone read: “Here was buried Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, of the statute of Virginia for religious freedom, and father of the University of Virginia”  It did not mention his presidency

Undoing Federalist Programs  Alien and Sedition Acts ended and prisoners convicted under them were released  Many taxes, including the Whiskey Tax, were ended  Reduced the size of the government to cut costs – less federal employees, smaller military

Undoing Federalist Programs  Used revenues from tariffs and land sales to reduce the amount of money owed by the government

Marshall and the Judiciary  Under the Judiciary Act of 1801 Adams appointed many Federalist judges before he left office  Appointed a new Chief Justice, John Marshall Served for three decades Strengthened the power of the federal courts

Marbury v. Madison  Marbury was one of Adam’s last minute appointments as justice of the peace for the District of Colombia  Supposed to be installed by James Madison who refused to give him the job.  Marbury sued Madison for his appointment

Marbury v. Madison  The Court decided that the law under which Marbury sued (Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1801) was unconstitutional  Marbury lost the case and didn’t get his appointment  Established the principle of Judicial Review – the principle that the court can determine if a law is constitutional