Opener – 6 minutes ▪ Copy the following the terms & definitions into your notebook: ▪ Archaeology – scientific study of ancient cultures through the examination of artifacts, buildings and other remaining material evidence. ▪ Anthropology – scientific study of humankind, especially the study of human ancestry and culture over time and across the world. ▪ Human Evolution – represents the evidence-based, scientific understanding of the origin and development of humanity. ▪ Hominid – humans and their closest relatives. (humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans are all hominids). ▪ Bipedalism – form of motion where an organism moves by the means of its two rear limbs.

Today’s Objectives: ▪ Understand how anthropologists work with archaeologists to gain knowledge about early humans and their evolution. ▪ Understand the methods used to analyze evidence about human beings in the past. ▪ Analyze how hominids/early humans have changed over time.

Human Ancestry ▪ Today we will be exploring the concept of evolution. ▪ Evolution is the science-based and disciplinary study of the origin of life on this planet and thus includes the origins of human life. ▪ Many religions have their own narratives about the origins of humanity. ▪ While evolution represents evidence-based, scientific understanding of where humans came from as a species.

Human Ancestry ▪ Studying human history in an academic setting, evolution is a necessary topic to understand and study. ▪ This is all together appropriate for our purposes here. ▪ Other views for human origins may be appropriate in other settings and will also be addressed in this class in the future.

The Cave Paintings of Chavet-Pont-D’arc ▪ We don’t know a lot about how early hominids lived. ▪ Why is it so hard to learn about their lives? ▪ What types of evidence might there be that could help us?

Create this chart in your notebook: Historian’s QuestionsArcheologist’s QuestionsAnthropologist’s Questions

Social Science Questions Graphic Organizer ▪ What are the six “historical” questions? ▪ What questions might be asked by an archeologist? – What is this item? – How old is it? – How might it have been used? – What was if found near and what was found near it?

Archeologists vs. Historians - Notebook Historians 1.What happened? 2.When did it happen? 3.Who was involved? 4.How did it happen? 5.Why did it happen? 6.Where did it happen? Archeologists 1.What is this item? 2.How old is it? 3.How might have it been used? 4.What was it found near? 5.What was found near it?

Anthropologists - Notebook ▪ What does an anthropologist study? – human ancestry and culture over time and across the world. ▪ Questions Anthropologists ask: 1.What are the ancestral roots of the human species? 2.Who were the first humans? 3.How did early humans live?

Social Science Questions ▪ Do you notice any questions on our lists that are very similar? ▪ Typically, archaeologists work with prehistoric artifacts, fossils, and early humans. ▪ Anthropologists work with early AND modern societies. ▪ Since early humans have NOT left us any written records, ANTHROPOLOGISTS are challenged to find other ways to answer their questions.

Think like an Anthropologist ▪ What can we learn from bones or teeth that we find? ▪ What can we learn from cave paintings? ▪ What can we learn from animal bones? – Are the skeletons intact or are they partial? ▪ What can we learn from tools? – What kind of tools? ▪ How can carbon dating help to determine the age of bones/artifacts?

Hominid Skulls and Analysis ▪ You have been given copies of pictures of “Hominid Skulls” in your packet. ▪ You have also been given some information about the six skulls. ▪ Anthropologists and Archaeologists use things like skulls to determine how early people lived and how hominids may have evolved.

Hominid Skulls Analysis Sheet ▪ You will need to analyze the information looking for similarities and differences. ▪ You and your group will need to predict the chronological order of the skulls. ▪ Your group has been given an extra copy of pictures of the skulls. Your group will need to these pictures out to properly arrange them in chronological order. ▪ You will have 15 minutes to complete the Analysis Sheet.

Document Camera

Human Ancestory ▪ Studies of DNA of modern, living humans, and apes suggest that what became the human evolutionary line divided from that of gorillas about 8 million years ago and from chimpanzees 5 to 7 million years ago. ▪ Man did not evolve from monkey, but both man and monkey share an ancestor.

Human Ancestry ▪ Scientists have dated the earliest hominid fossils through carbon analysis to between 6 and 7 million years ago. ▪ Australopithecus and Homo fossils date back to about 1.5 billion years ago and have been found in Africa. ▪ What is the definition of HUMAN EVOLUTION?