Napoleon

Napoleon becomes Emperor Economy –Effected taxation –National bank Education –Lycees – gov’t run public schools (male) –Merit over connections Church –Acknowledged church –Separation of church and state –Concordat with Pope Pius VII Code –laws Limits ideals on speech, press is restricted

Napoleon France needs $ American colonies – people want same rights as people in France Sells Louisiana Territory to US - $15 mill Twofold victory – –$ for his operations –Punish Britain

Conquering Europe Austrian Netherlands –Puppet country Territory in Spain, Italy, Germany, Belgium Russia, Austria, Sweden –Peace agreement with France –BIGGEST FOE – BRITAIN! Battle of Trafalgar –Battle between Britain and France –Naval defeat –Britain supreme navy –Invade Britain?

Napoleon Family Rules! Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles (son)  King of Rome Elisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany Caroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

Napoleon’s Downfall Several costly mistakes Blockade –Forcible closing of ports –Cut of Great Britain from trade and communication Continental system called –Make Continental Europe more sufficient –Destroy GB industry and economy –Leads to illegal activities and violence Smuggling –Several violate the blockade –Stop neutral ships – search and tax –War of 1812

Downfall Peninsular War –1808 – War with Portugal through Spain –Dethroned Spanish King –Guerilla war – Spanish peasants fighting –Britain aids Spain – 300,000 French Killed

Downfall Russian Invasion –1812 – BIGGEST MISTAKE –Russia refused to obey blockade –Breakdown of alliance –420,000 men invade Russia –Alexander I (czar) leads in scorched – earth policy Burning grain fields/animals No food for the enemy (French) –Russian Winter – French retreat with 10,000 soldiers left

End of Napoleon’s Reign Enemies take advantage of weakness Series of defeats – exiled to Elba, Italy

The Hundred Days Louis XVIII – takes throne (Louis Brother) –Hated by peasants –Unpopular – undo revolution?? Napoleon returns to regain power March 1, 1815 – arrives in Paris –Widely supported –Becomes Emperor again

The Hundred Days Battle at Waterloo –Duke Wellington leads British army –Defeat of French –Ends Napoleon’s 100 day bid for power in Europe –Napoleon exiled to St. Helena – dies 1821