@2007 Austin Troy Lecture 2: Introduction to the Architecture of ArcGIS By Weiqi Zhou University of Vermont Thanks are due to Prof. Troy, upon whose lecture much of this material is based Using GIS-- Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy What is ArcGIS? ArcGIS Desktop is a software product from ESRI It comes in three versions: ArcView – basic desktop package, $ ArcEditor – ArcView +Advanced editing, $$ ArcInfo – ArcEditor + Comprehensive Geoprocessing, $$$ We are using ArcInfo Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Components of Arc GIS All installation levels of Arc GIS come with – ArcMap (now includes toolbox in Arc 9.0) – ArcCatalog ArcInfo installation – ArcInfo Workstation – ArcReader – ArcObjects Developer Tools – ArcScene Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Components of Arc GIS How do you access these? Go to the start menu>>programs>>ArcGIS Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy ArcCatalog for organizing and managing spatial and tabular data Introduction to GIS Main menu Standard Toolbar Catalog display Catalog tree

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog This button allows you to connect to a local folder or a network place In this course, all data and work will be stored on your Zoo account. In lab we’ll learn to “map a network” drive to your Zoo account, so it looks no different from saving to your local machine. This will be your Z drive. Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog Introduction to GIS Once you’ve mapped your network drive, you can open an Arc Catalog connection to it, or to a subfolder in it

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog For instance, here are the contents of my nr143 folder on my Zoo account, which I made a connection to: Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog There are five types of data shown here Introduction to GIS Geodatabase Tabular data Shapefile Arc Map Project file Coverage

@2007 Austin Troy Data types Shapefile: native file format for the ArcView 3.x; Coverage: native file format for old ArcInfo 7.x Is not a file, but a complex directory structure Dbase/tabular data: non-spatial data table that can be used in a GIS, spreadsheet or database--.dbf Map document: a project file—it stores your map view and preferences in ArcGIS Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Data types Geodatabase: This is ArcGIS’s new data model for storing geographic information It can contain any number of layers within it, known as “feature classes.” Shapefile have only one feature class As an example, here is a geodatabase with three layers, as seen in Arc Catalog Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Feature classes In a geodatabase there are features classes for points, lines and areas (polygons) as well as for rasters (surfaces), annotation (labels) and dimensions Introduction to GIS Annotation class: stores info about displaying labels on a map layer; important for roads and utilities Polygon, or area feature class Line, or arc feature class

@2007 Austin Troy Feature dataset Feature dataset: a thematic grouping of feature classes Feature classes can be stand alone Introduction to GIS Feature data sets Feature classes

@2007 Austin Troy Geodatabase Geodatabases offer numerous advantages: Multiple spatial layers and non-spatial data sources can be stored in a single file and organized thematically Rules can be easily defined that can apply to all classes These rules can include relationships between layers For instance if you have one subclass with water lines and one with water valves, you can ensure that if you move a water line, the water valve that connects that line will move as well, or it ensures that, say, if the material attribute for a water line is set to copper, the water valves that connect to it will also be copper Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Geodatabase Other advantages: Spatial layers maintain the same measurement and geographic reference systems, because new layers added to the geodatabase can “inherent” properties of existing ones Labeling “behavior” can be stored as an annotation feature class, making it easier to keep labels consistent “Domains” can be established, which specify the valid ranges of values for attributes, which reduces input error. Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Geodatabase Types: Personal or multiple user We will use personal geodatabases. These are actually Microsoft Access files with the.MDB file extension. A multi-user (SDE) geodatabase is for organizations that wish to have many people accessing the same database. These are used with enterprise database systems, like Oracle, Informix or SQL Server Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Personal Geodatabase With Access you can edit and query attribute tables and manage relationships between feature classes But it can only be viewed spatially in ArcGIS Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog: data management Arc Catalog is where you can create and modify geodatabases. Introduction to GIS You can create new feature classes, tables or relationship classes within a geodatabase You can also import existing shapefiles or coverages into a geodatabase or export a feature class to a shapefile

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog: data management Through right clicking, you can access the properties of a feature subclass and make changes to fields for the feature class’ attribute table Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog: Online data Arc Catalog also allows you to access some data directly from the Internet It comes preloaded with a connection to the Geography Network, where many layers are available through the Arc Internet Map Server (IMS) service ; other Internet connections can be added Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog: Online data Geography network data Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog:Functionality Arc Catalog allows you to preview geographic data, including geodatabase feature classes Introduction to GIS Use these buttons to zoom and pan

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog:Functionality You can also preview online data sets, like those from the geography network Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog:Functionality …and you can preview and browse tabular attribute data Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Catalog: Functionality Preview, create and modify the “metadata,” or data about the data Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog standardizes this information and allows you to import and export metadata between layers

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map Arc Map is where you’ll do most of your mapping and visualization of spatial data This is the default upper tool and menu bar Introduction to GIS Add new layer Zoom tools Zoom to full extent Select feature Find feature measure Change map’s display scale (zoom factor)

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: overlaying data Using the add data button, you can overlay any number of layers for which geographic reference information exists. Introduction to GIS TOC Display Window

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: overlaying data The window on the left side of Arc Map is the Table of Contents, where loaded layers are listed There are 2 modes for the TOC: display and source Introduction to GIS Display: note that it gives a symbol for the feature type Source mode: can see that the first 3 layers are from 1 geodatabase and the fourth is from a stand alone file TOC

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: properties You can access many functions by right clicking on the layer in the TOC. Introduction to GIS You can access, edit and query attribute tables from a special interface

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: Layer properties You can access layer properties by double clicking on that layer: much functionality is found there Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: Layouts Arc Map can view in two modes: data view: for viewing, analyzing and manipulating data layout view: for laying out data for presentation Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: Measurement Units Map and Display units. With reference info Map units are already set; Display units are still changeable Without reference info Define map units (This turns into guesswork) Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: Units Once you’ve set display units, future geographic measurement functions should be in those units, even if they’re different from the Map units; however, this does not apply to non-spatial attribute values If you use the ruler tool for instance, measurements will be in the selected Display units at the bottom of the page Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: Scale Translation factor between one unit on the map and same unit in the real world map units: ground units (ratio) 1:10,000: 1 inch equals 10,000 inches in real world Scale is a dimensionless number Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Large vs. Small Scale Large scale Lots of detail Shows small features Small scale No much detail Shows large features Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy USA Introduction to GIS Washington State Clark County, Washington highway interchange Clark County, Washington 1:21,197,708 Large vs. Small Scale 1:3,125,078 1:30,1371:5,269

@2007 Austin Troy ArcGIS: Extensions Specialized applications - 3D Analyst - Spatial Analyst - Geostatistical Analyst - Tracking Analyst, X Tools… - Others… Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy ArcGIS: Extensions Activate by going to Tools>>extensions Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Map: toolbars When you load Arc Map it defaults to a state with a minimum of toolbars. You can add more toolbars representing more functionality, including extensions from the view menu. Introduction to GIS

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Toolbox Introduction to GIS Used to be a separate interface, now part of ArcMap

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Toolbox Introduction to GIS  Advanced Analyses Extract Overlay Proximity Statistics

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Toolbox Introduction to GIS Data Conversions – Change formats from one file type to another …

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Toolbox Introduction to GIS Data Management – A collection of tools for data management…

@2007 Austin Troy Arc Scene Primarily for viewing 3D data Introduction to GIS