Cells and The Cell Theory. The Cell Theory 3 parts: – All living things are made of cells – Cells are the basic units of life – Cells come only from other.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells and The Cell Theory

The Cell Theory 3 parts: – All living things are made of cells – Cells are the basic units of life – Cells come only from other cells Many scientists contributed – (Hooke, Leeuwenhock, Schwann, Schleiden, Virchow) Invention of microscope was CRITICAL!

Scientific Theories vs. Scientific Laws Theory – consists of one or more hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing. – widely accepted in the scientific community as being true. – To remain a theory, it must never be shown to be wrong; if it is, the theory is disproven (this also happens). – Theories can also evolve. This means the old theory wasn’t wrong, but it wasn’t complete either. Law – Scientific laws are short, sweet, and always true. – Many times laws are expressed in a single expression. – Laws cannot ever be shown to be wrong (that is why there are many theories and few laws)

2 types of cells Prokaryotic Cells Has NO NUCLEUS, or any other membrane bound organelles Do have some organelles such as a cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, plasmid (DNA) Ex. Bacteria Eukaryotic Cells Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Ex. Plant and animal cells

Cell Structures Cytoplasm – Clear, jelly-like, suspends organelles Cell wall – Protection, found in bacteria, plant cells, fungi Cell membrane – Regulates what enters and leaves cell, semipermeable Nucleus – Control center, stores DNA Nucleolus – Inside nucleus, produces ribosomes Ribosomes and Rough ER – Protein synthesis Smooth ER – Lipid production Vacuole – Temporary storage, Plant cells have 1 large central Mitochondria – Produce ATP Golgi Apparatus/Body – Sorts and packages proteins for export in vesicles Chloroplast – Absorb light energy for photosynthesis, plant cells Lysosomes – Break down materials no longer used by cell

Plant v.s. Animal Cells Plants contain a cell wall, large central vacuole and chloroplasts which animal cells do not Plants do not contain centrioles (Animal cells do) Plants rarely have lysosomes

Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into useable energy? a. chloroplast c. endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus d. mitochondrion

These structures are the primary cellular sites for the production of proteins. a.Golgi bodies b.ribosomes c.mitochondria d.lysosomes e.smooth endoplasmic reticula

Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell? a. ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus b. ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast c. endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus d. ribosome, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know? a.The cell lacks cytoplasm. b.The cell lacks a nucleus. c. The cell lacks a cell membrane d. The cell lacks genetic material

Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful? a. Golgi apparatus c. endoplasmic reticulum b. lysosome d. mitochondrion

Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus? a. mitochondria. c. chromatin b. nucleolus d. DNA

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