Introduction to the Old Testament: Prophetic Books Comunicación y Gerencia Father Luke Wassif Saint Mary Coptic Orthodox Church, Atlanta, GA

References Jamieson, Fauset & Brown Commentary on the Bible, ISBN: Nelson's Complete Book of Bible Maps & Charts, ISBN: Introduction To The Old Testament by Dr. Waheib Kamel (Arabic).

The Book of Isaiah

Isaiah Son of Amoz ( B. C.) 47 years of office Contemporary of Jonah, Amos, Hosea & of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah and Manasseh Called to Prophecy at the last year of Uzziah 754B.C. During Uzziah’s reign – first 5 chapters During Jotham’s – oral prophecy Ahaz-Hezekiah – 7th-39 th (hystorical)

Isaiah Tradition (Talmud) : Isaiah was sawn asunder by a wooden saw, for having said that he had seen Jehovah Prophesied 8 years during Manasseh’s reign Martyred at age 92 The future in the second part of Isaiah For Hezekiah did what was pleasing to the Lord, and he held strongly to the ways of David his father, which Isaiah the prophet commanded, who was great and faithful in his vision. Sirach 48: 22

Summary of Isaiah

Fulfilled Prophesies from Isaiah

Prophesies from Isaiah

Prophesies from Isaiah (cont.)

The Book of Jeremiah

Summary of Jeremiah

Outline of Jeremiah

Part I: The Call of Jeremiah (1:1-19) Jeremiah’s Call (1:1-10) Jeremiah’s Signs (1:11-16) Jeremiah’s Assurance (1:17-19)

Part II: The Prophecies to Judah (2:1-45:5) The Condemnation of Judah (12Sermons) (2:1-25:38) The Conflicts of Jeremiah (26:1-29:32) The Future Restoration of Jerusalem (30:1-33:26)

Prophecies: The Condemnation of Judah (2:1-25:38) 1 st Sermon: Judah Sinned Willfully (2:1- 3:5) 2 nd Sermon: Judah to Be Judged (3:6- 6:30) 3 rd Sermon: Judah’s Hypocrisy in Worship (7:1-10:25) 4 th Sermon: Judah’s Breach of the Covenant (11:1-12;17)

Prophecies: The Condemnation of Judah (2:1-25:38) (cont.) 5 th Sermon: Judah’s Revived Relationship (13:1-27) 6 th Sermon: The Drought in Judah (14:1- 15:21) 7 th Sermon: Jeremiah’s Unmarried State (16:1-17:27) 8 th Sermon: Sign of the Potter’s House (18:1-20:18)

Prophecies: The Condemnation of Judah (2:1-25:38) (cont.) 9 th Sermon: Against Judah’s Kings (21:1- 23:8) 10 th Sermon: Against Judah’s False Prophets (23:9-40) 11 th Sermon: The Two Baskets of Figs (24:1-10) 12 th Sermon: The 70 Year Captivity (25:1- 28)

Prophecies: The Conflicts of Jeremiah (26:1-29:32) Conflict with the Nation (26:1-24) Conflict with the False Prophets (27:1-22) Conflict with Hananiah (28:1-17) Conflict with Shemaiah (29:1-32)

Prophecies: The Future Restoration of Jerusalem (30:1-33:26) Restoration to the Land (30:1-24) Restoration to the Nation (31:1-40) Rebuilding of Jerusalem (32:1-44) Reconfirming the Covenant (33:1-26)

The Book of Lamentations

Summary of Lamentations

Outline of Lamentations

The Destruction of Jerusalem (1:1-22): The Lament of the Prophet Jeremiah (1:1-11) The Lament of the City of Jerusalem (1:12-22)

Outline of Lamentations (cont.) The Anger of God (2:1-22): The Anger of God (2:1-9) The Agony of Jerusalem (2:10-17) The Appeal of Jerusalem (2:18-22)

Outline of Lamentations (cont.) The Prayer of Mercy (3:1-66): Jeremiah’s Cry of Despair (3:1-18) Jeremiah’s Confession of Faith (3:19-39) Jeremiah’s Condition of Need (3:40-54) Jeremiah’s Confidence in God (3:55-66)

Outline of Lamentations (cont.) The Siege of Jerusalem (4:1-22): The Condition During the Siege (4:1-10) The Cause of Siege (4:11-20) The Consequences of the Siege (4:21,22)

Outline of Lamentations (cont.) The Prayer of Restoration (5:1-22): The Review of the Need for Restoration (5:1- 15) The Repentance of Sin (5:16-18) The Request for Restoration (5:19-22)

The Minor Prophets

The minor Prophets Minor in size and not significance Mentioned in Sirach (49:10)and by St Stephen Acts 7:42

The minor Prophets

The Book of Hosea Prophecy of sinful wife called Gomer

Summary of Hosea

Israel’s Apostasy and Hosea’s Marriage The stages of Israel’s relationship with God are depicted in the prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel as well as in Hosea’s relationship with Gomer

What’s in a Name? In Hosea 1, names play a significant part in understanding Hosea:

The Book of Joel Prophecy of Locusts Day of the Lord

Joel Name = one to whom Jehovah is God Prophet to Judah Probably During Joash’s reign B.C

Summary of Joel

The Book of Amos 8 judgments, 3 sermons and 5 visions, 5 promises

Amos Name = Burden Shepherd and collected sycamore figs From Judah Tekoa Prophet to Israel In time of Uzziah and Jeroboam II B.C

Summary of Amos

Outline of Amos

Introduction to Amos (1:1,2) The Eight Judgments (1:3-2:16): Judgment on Damascus (1:3-5) Judgment on Gaza (1:6-8) Judgment on Tyre (1:9,10) Judgment on Edom (1:11, 12) Judgment on Ammon (1:13-15) Judgment on Moab (2:1-3) Judgment on Judah (2:4,5) Judgment on Israel (2:6-16)

Outline of Amos (cont.) The Three Sermons of Judgment (3:1- 6:14): 1 st Sermon: Israel’s Present (3:1-15) 2 nd Sermon: Israel’s Past (4:1-13) 3 rd Sermon: Israel’s Future (5:1-6:14)

Outline of Amos (cont.) The Five Visions of Judgment (7:1-9:10): Vision of the Locusts (7:1-3) Vision of the Fire (7:4-6) Vision of the Plumb Line (7:7-9) Opposition of Amaziah (Historical Parenthesis) (7:10- 17) Vision of the Summer Fruit (8:1-14) Vision of the Stricken Doorposts (9:1-10) The Five Promises of the Restoration of Israel (9:11-15)

The Book of Obadiah 1 chapter: Edom & Israel

Obadiah Obadiah= servant of Jehovah The shortest book of the old testament 4 th in the Hebrew, 5 th in the Greek Probable date 585 B.C. / 586?

Summary of Obadiah

The Book of Jonah

Summary of Jonah

Outline of Jonah

The First Commission of Jonah (1:1-2:10): The Disobedience to the First Call (1:1-3) The Judgment on Jonah Is Exacted (1:4-17) The Prayer of Jonah (2:1-9) The Deliverance of Jonah (2:10) The Second Commission of Jonah (3:1-4:11): The Obedience to the Second Call (3:1-4) The Judgment on Nineveh Averted (3:5-10) The Prayer of Jonah (4:1-3) The Rebuke of Jonah by God (4:4-11)

The Book of Micah The covenant lawsuit

Micah Prophet to Judah and Israel 740 B.C.

Summary of Micah

The Book of Nahum Nineveh / Assyria

Nahum Nahum= consoler or comforter Capernaum = the village of Nahum Seventh book of minor prophets in point of date in both canons B.C.

Summary of Nahum

Outline of Nahum

The Destruction of Nineveh is Decreed (1:1-15): The General Principles of Divine Judgment (1:1-8) The Destruction of Nineveh and Deliverance of Judah (1:9-15) The Destruction of Nineveh Is Described (2:1- 13): The Call to Battle (2:1,2) The Destruction of Nineveh (2:3-13) The Destruction of Nineveh is Deserved (3:1- 19): The Reasons for the Destruction of Nineveh (3:1-11) The Destruction of Nineveh Is Inevitable (3:12-19)

The Book of Habakkuk

Summary of Habakkuk

Outline of Habakkuk

The Problems of Habakkuk (1:1-2:20): The First Problem of Habakkuk (1:1-4) God’s First Reply (1:5-11) The Second Problem of Habakkuk (1:12-2:1) God’s Second Reply (2:2-20) The Praise of Habakkuk (3:1-19): Habakkuk Prays for God’s Mercy (3:1,2) Habakkuk Remembers God’s Mercy (3:3-15) Habakkuk Trusts in God’s Salvation (3:16-19)

The Book of Zephaniah

Summary of Zephaniah

Outline of Zephaniah

The Judgment in the Day of the Lord (1:1- 3:8): The Judgment on the Whole Earth (1:1-3) The Judgment on the Nation of Judah (1:4- 2:3) The Judgment on the Nations Surrounding Judah (2:1-15) The Judgment on the City of Jerusalem (3:1-7) The Judgment on the Whole Earth (3:8)

Outline of Zephaniah (cont.) The Salvation in the Day of the Lord (3:9- 20): The Promise of Conversion (3:9-13) The Promise of Restoration (3:14-20)