Happy Monday. I Missed You! Today: 1.Warm up: Foreign Policy Fight! 2.Notes: Options of US Foreign Policy 3.Case Study: Spanish American War- What Started the Spanish-American War? Unit EQ: What are the Pros and Cons of each type of Foreign Policy? Lesson EQ: Who was to blame for the start of the Spanish-American War? HW: Collect interviews and survey responses – due November 19 th.

Warm Up: Story Time: What would you do in this situation? You are walking through the quad during brunch, on your way to the cafeteria to buy a delicious slice of pizza from the pizza cart. On your way you hear a big circle of people yelling. As you get closer you hear people chanting “Fight! Fight! Fight!” As you get even closer to the circle you see that one of the people in the middle is your friend and the other person is someone that you don’t know. On the next slide, you will see some options. Explain which option you would choose and why.

What would you do in this situation? a.) Walk away. Do Nothing! b.) Go get a teacher c.) Jump in on your friend’s side and beat up the other guy d.) beat up everyone. It’s time to establish dominance! e.) get in the middle and separate them both f.) Yell words of encouragement to your friend but don’t take action

Types of Foreign Policy Isolationism/Neutrality: not taking part in wars between other nations Diplomacy: carrying out negotiations with other nations peacefully Collective Security: groups of countries work together against any nation that threatens their peace or security Imperialism: creating an empire by dominating the nations around you

Foreign Policy Spectrum Isolationism/Neutrality Collective Security Imperialism Diplomacy

Story Time: What would you do in this situation?  Walk away. Do Nothing  Neutrality/Isolationism  Go get a teacher  Diplomacy  Jump in on your friend’s side and beat up the other guy  Collective Security  Beat up everyone! Establish dominance  Imperialism  Get in the middle and separate them both  Collective security/Diplomacy  Shout words of encouragement to your friend but don’t take action  Diplomacy/Collective security  Watch and see how it goes and then decide  Isolationism to Imperialism

Foreign Policy Case Study: The Spanish American War (1896) Fought between Spain and the United States over (for?) Cuban Independence Example of media impact on public sentiment and foreign policy matters.

Case Study: Spanish American War (1896) Essential Questions: 1.What was to blame for the start of the Spanish American War? 2.What type of foreign policy did the United States employ towards Spain and Cuba prior to, and during the Spanish American War.

Happy Thursday 1 st Period Today: 1.Spanish American War 1.Discussion 2.Who really sunk the Maine 2.Notes: Philippines 3.Inquiry: Political Cartoons – Why did the U.S. go to war in the Philippines HW: Collect your interview responses

Spanish-American War – 1898 US goes to war with Spain – War begins in the Spanish colony of Cuba Cubans fighting Spain for their independence and US intervenes Spanish-American War turns US into a major world power – Gain control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba

War Up: Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War Which version of what happened to provoke the Spanish American War in Cuba is this video most similar to? Why did the United States go to war with Spain?

Foreign Policy Spectrum Where would you place the United State’s Actions in Cuba on the Foreign Policy Spectrum? Isolationism/Neutrality Collective Security Imperialism Diplomacy

What really sunk the Maine? “Many ships, including the Maine, had coal bunkers located next to magazines that stored ammunition, gun shells, and gunpowder. Only a bulkhead separated the bunkers from the magazines. If the coal, by spontaneous combustion, overheated, the magazines were at risk of exploding. An investigative board on January 27, 1898, warned the Secretary of the Navy about spontaneous coal fires that could detonate nearby magazines. A book by Lewis Gould in 1982 concluded that inadequate ventilation within the Maine led to a fire in the coal bunkers that set off nearby gunpowder. John L. Offner did his doctoral dissertation on the Spanish-American War. He noted in 1992 that from 1895 to 1898, 13 other American ships had fires associated with spontaneous combustion in coal bunkers.”—Library of Congress Report

Yellow Journalism Sensational news stories that often exaggerated the facts Part of a “newspaper war” going on in the late 1800s

Philippine-American War Emilio Aguinaldo 1894 Filipinos revolt against Spain for independence – Led by Emilio Aguinaldo 1898 Aguinaldo supports America in Spanish-American War – Americans promise Filipino independence – America annexes the Philippines after war ends Philippine-American War ( ) – “A direct violation of the laws of civilization.”—General Miles

Why did the United States decide to take over the Philippines? – On the next slides, you will see a series of political cartoons that help you answer the question above. For each, please analyze and write down… Close Reading: What are some of the images and symbols you see in this cartoon? Sourcing: Based on what you see, do you think this cartoon is pro-Imperialist or anti-Imperialist? Explain Making a Claim: According to this cartoon, why did the United States take over the Philippines?

Cartoon 1: Judge, 1899

Cartoon 2: Life, 1899

Cartoon 3 Judge, 1899

Cartoon 4 Life, 1900

Cartoon 5 Puck, 1901

Cartoon 6 Judge, 1899

Fabulous Friday! Today: 1.Notes: Foreign Policy of the Progressive Presidents. 2.Inquiry: US-Latin American Foreign Policy 3.Inquiry: Annexation of Hawaii 4.Inquiry: Annexation of Alaska EQ: What were the motives, means and outcomes of US foreign policy.

3 Presidents, 3 Foreign Policies All three “Progressive” Presidents actively intervened in the affairs of other nations (esp in Latin America) Theodore Roosevelt – Big Stick Policy: use force (especially strong navy) to protect national interests William Howard Taft – Dollar Diplomacy: encourage and protect American business/trade in Latin America and Asia Woodrow Wilson – Moral Diplomacy: U.S. should help people that are struggling for freedom

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine: (1823) establishes Western hemisphere as US sphere of influence – Sets the tone for all US foreign policy with Latin America moving forward What was the United States’ purpose in creating the Monroe Doctrine?

Purpose of the Monroe Doctrine TextbookZinn

Case Study: Hawaii “I, Liliuokalani of Hawaii, declare such a treaty to be an act of -wrong toward the native and part-native people of Hawaii, an invasion of the rights of the ruling chiefs, in violation of international rights both toward my people and toward friendly nations with whom they have made treaties, the perpetuation of the fraud whereby the constitutional government was overthrown, and, finally, an act of gross injustice to me. I yielded my authority to the forces of the United States in order to avoid bloodshed, and because I recognized the futility of a conflict with so formidable a power. My government was unlawfully coerced by the forces, diplomatic and naval, of the United States. My people, about forty thousand in number, have in no way been consulted by those, three thousand in number, who claim the right to destroy the independence of Hawaii.”

Case Study: Alaska Excerpt Alaska. Speech of William H. Seward at Sitka, August 12, Speech Text Within the period of my own recollection, I have seen twenty new States added to the eighteen which before that time constituted the American Union, and I now see, besides Alaska, ten Territories in a forward condition of preparation for entering into the same great political family. These, are the guaranties, not only that Alaska has a future, but that that future has already begun. I know that you want two things just now, when European monopoly is broken down and United States free trade is being introduced within the Territory: These are, military protection while your number is so inferior to that of the Indians around you, and you need also a territorial civil government. Congress has already supplied the first of these wants adequately and effectually. I doubt not that it will supply the other want during the coming winter. It must do this, because our political system rejects alike anarchy and executive absolutism. Nor do I doubt that the political society to be constituted here, first as a Territory, and ultimately as a State or many States, will prove a worthy constituency of the Republic. Nor do I doubt that it will be forever true in its republican instincts and loyal to the American Union, for the inhabitants will be both mountaineers and sea-faring men. I am not among those who apprehend infidelity to liberty and the Union in any quarter hereafter, but I am sure that if constancy and loyalty are to fail anywhere, the failure will not be in the States which approach nearest to the North Pole.