Phylogeny Phylogeny- the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Tracing Evolutionary History
Advertisements

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
CHAPTER 28 THE ORIGINS OF EUKAYOTIC DIVERSITY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section B: The Origin and Early.
Endosymbiotic Theory.
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Two special cell organelles.
Chapter 6. The Cell: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
The Cell: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts. Overview Mitochondria & chloroplasts are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work.
There will be a test on Chapter 4 on Monday. Note: The details of Section 4.6, and parts of Section 4.7 are not part of the Essential Knowledge for the.
Chapter 5: History of Life on Earth. Dates of origins 1. Everything (Universe):14 Bya 2. Solar System (Earth):4.6 Bya Conservative estimates 3. Prokaryotic.
Phylogeny Systematics Cladistics
Classification of Organisms
Systematics Study of the diversity of organisms to classify them and determine their evolutionary relationships Taxonomy: naming, identifying and classifying.
Classification.
Endosymbiotic Theory. Universal Tree of Life Or…... According to this tree the earliest eukaryotic cells were Archaezoa that are amitochondriate organisms.
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Karlie Jaeger General Biology I 17 March 2014.
Modern Evolutionary Classification
Chapter 29 & 30 Endosymbiotic Theory
Endosymbiotic Theory By: Shawn Fassl. Theorist Biologist Lynn Margulis backed the theory of endosymbiosis in the 1970s Origin of life came from lineages.
CHAPTER 28 THE ORIGINS OF EUKAYOTIC DIVERSITY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section B: The Origin and Early.
Endosymbiotic Origin of Eukaryotes. Initial observations In 1966, a scientist studying amoeba (single celled organism) found his population of amoeba.
The Evolutionary History of Biodiversity
QUIZ What is the science that describes, names and classifies organisms? Linnaeus classified organisms according to their ______ & ______. (True or False)
Linnaean Taxonomy  Carolus Linnaeus organized plants and animals into 7 hierarchical categories.  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus.
Taxonomy Science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms. Designed by Linnaeus Based on morphology (form and structure) –Common name not useful.
Phylogenetic Trees: Common Ancestry and Divergence 1B1: Organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed.
Taxonomy Bio 250.
The Evolutionary Story
Chapter 29 & 30 Secondary Endosymbiosis. The Eukaryotic Lineage Eukaryotes are believed to have arisen as a result of symbiosis. All prokaryotes have.
Phylogeny & the Tree of Life
Classification.
Endosymbiotic Theory. The Endosymbiotic Theory Review:  What is a theory?  What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? The endosymbiotic.
Chapter 4 Mitochondria and Chloroplast. You must know The structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The evolutionary origin of mitochondria.
{ Early Earth and the Origin of Life Chapter 15.  The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago  Earliest evidence for life on Earth  Comes from 3.5 billion-year-old.
17.2 The Six Kingdoms.
PHYOGENY & THE Tree of life Represent traits that are either derived or lost due to evolution.
FLASH CARD REVIEW: Cell Basics. What is the definition of a cell? The basic unit of life.
TEKS 7G: Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning the complexity of the cell. Endosymbiotic Theory Notes.
Chapter 5.3 & 5.5 The Cell’s Energy System(s): Mitochondria & Chloroplasts.
Interpreting Evolutionary Evidence Taxonomy Field of biology that identifies names and classifies species – Classification system Aristotle/Linnaeus.
Evolutionary history of a group of organisms
Endosymbiotic Theory “Everything you need to know”
Endosymbiotic Theory “Everything you need to know”
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Phylogeny & the Tree of Life
Endosymbiotic Theory.
How did eukaryotic cells evolve from unicellular organisms?
Cell Organelles Cell parts II.
II. Cell Parts (continued)
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Phylogeny Phylogeny- the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Chapter 17: Organizing Life’s Diversity
How did Cells Evolve? Theory of Origin.
Cell Organelles.
Take 5 Archeabacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Cell Structure and Function
The student is expected to: 7A analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies,
Phylogeny Evolutionary history of a species.
Primary and secondary endosymbiosis
Endosymbiosis.
Protists The first Eukaryotes.
Phylogeny Phylogeny- the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Endosymbiosis Examine these diagrams showing
Deep-rooted phylogeny
Endosymbiotic theory: A Theory of how Eukaryotes were born
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
How did eukaryotic cells evolve from unicellular organisms?
Explain how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells
Endosymbiosis.
Chapter 28 Protists travismulthaupt.com.
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Presentation transcript:

Phylogeny Phylogeny- the evolutionary relationships among organisms. Natural classification. Phylogenetic tree- a treelike diagram that represents a hypothesis of the evolutionary history of a species or group of related organisms.

Tree of Life- Universal Evolutionary Tree

Hominid Evolutionary Tree

Tree of Homo sapiens L.

Tree Terminology

Phylogenetic Groups

Phylogenetic trees Cladogram Slanted Cladogram Slanted Rectangular Phylogram- shows divergence distances between taxa.

Rectangular cladogram Phylogram Chondracanthus exasperatus Chondracanthus spinosus Chondracanthus squarrulosus

Cladistics Cladistics- a method of organizing organisms on the basis of synapomorphic characters. Characters- morphological, chemical, developmental, and molecular. Homologous characters- features of different species that are similar because they were inherited from a common ancestor. Outgroup- a closely related taxon outside the group that is being analyzed. Node- the branching point on a tree.

Green algae

Molecular Characters (Data)

Lynn Margulis (1938-) In 1967 proposed the endosymbiotic theory as the origin of mitochondria. Symbiosis in Cell Evolution. Included chloroplast evolution.

Endosymbiotic Theory and the Evolution of Chloroplasts Photosynthetic eukaryotes and their chloroplasts evolved from the engulfment of a cyanobacterium by a protozoan. A phagocytotic protozoan took up a cyanobacterium into a food vesicle. Instead of being digested, the cyanobacterium was retained as an endosymbiont. The protozoan provided the alga with protection, a stable environment, and mineral nutrients. The cyanobacterium produced carbohydrates for the protozoan. The cell wall of the cyanobacterium was lost through evolutionary selection. Food vesicle membrane= outer chloroplast membrane. Plasma membrane of cyanobacterium= inner chloroplast membrane.

Support for the Endosymbiotic Theory Chloroplasts are about the same size as cyanobacteria. Evolve oxygen in photosynthesis. 70S ribosomes. Chlorophyll A is the primary photosynthetic pigment in cyanobacteria and plants. Circular prokaryotic DNA without histones. Glaucophyta

Endosymbiosis in Vorticella and Chlorella

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.