National Disability Survey : Secondary Analysis of Data The Geographical Distribution of Barriers to Transport Accessibility for People with Disabilities in Ireland European Transport Conference, 30 September 2013 Conall Mac Aongusa, Transport and Innovation Ltd David Moore, Spatial Planning Solutions Ltd

Introduction National Disability Survey carried out by CSO in 2006 following Census 2006 National Disability Authority undertaking a detailed analysis of NDS to – ensure maximum understanding of experience of disability in Ireland through in-depth analysis of the data collected in the National Disability Survey; and – to explore issues of relevance to policy and practice.

Research Brief Transport and Innovation in association with Spatial Planning Systems commissioned by NDA to carry out research entitled: – “The Geographical Distribution of Barriers to Transport Accessibility for people with disabilities in Ireland” What are the experiences of people with disabilities in relation to the accessibility and availability of transport and what geographical variations occur? What scope exists in current policies at national and regional level to respond to the issues and challenges revealed in the survey?

9 Categories of Disability in NDS Seeing Hearing Speech Mobility & Dexterity Remembering & Concentrating Intellectual & Learning Emotional, psychological & mental health Pain Breathing

National Disability Survey Sample Sample Size & Characteristics – 12, 661 representative sample of Census respondents to disability question – Private hholds, Communal & Control Sample – 9 Categories of Disability – CSO defined weightings – Total State Population with Disabilities 325,800 Construction of Spatial Typology

Gateways Dublin,Cork,Galway Limerick, Waterford Large Towns 5, ,000 pop Small Towns ,000 pop Rural Areas

Key Geographical Areas Total population of People with Disabilities (PWD) is 325,000 36% resident in Gateway Cities – Dublin, Cork, Galway, Limerick, Waterford 19% resident in large towns – c5000 – population 14% resident in small towns – c200 – 4,999 population 31% resident in rural areas – Villages < 199 population and rural areas outside Typology of urban settlements consistent with National Spatial Strategy approach

Distribution of Population Spatial Typology Class No. Observations % Observations Total Weighted Disabled Population % People with a Disability Total General Population % Population Gateway Cities4,06134%108,67336%1,448,84734% Large Towns2,26119%58,15319%888,53121% Small Town & Villages 1,56513%41,57014%595,53814% Rural4,14334%91,79931%1,306,93231% Total12,030100%300,195100%4,239,848100% Distribution of PWD Population mirrors general population

Age Profile of Population Spatial TypologyAge 0-17 Age Age Age Age Age Age 75+Total(Weighted N) Gateway Cities11%15%12%14%17%14%17%108,673100% Large Towns12%15%12%15%18%12%16%58,153100% Small Town & Villages 13%12%11%14%17%16%17%41,570100% Rural13%11%10%13%16%14%24%91,799100% Total12%13%11%14%17%14%19%300,195100% PWD are a higher proportion of older age groups More pronounced in rural areas

Age Profile of Population

Headline Findings from NDS Disability is not evenly spread throughout the State As people age they are less likely to travel – but especially in rural areas The car is the dominant mode of transport – but especially outside urban areas PWD in small towns access rural transport – but PWD in rural areas find it more difficult to access rural PT services People with mobility & dexterity are least likely to use public transport Isolation of elderly people with disability is a real concern – particularly in rural areas

Regular Mode of Transport AreaCar Driver Car Passenger Bus Rural Bus City Bus Intercity TaxiDart &Luas Train Commuter Train Intercity Special Gateway34%76%26%56%33%48%38%28%31%15% Large Town 34%77%27%32%26%41%24%29%27%12% Small Town 41%84%34%26%22%30%18%23% 13% Rural43%85%22%16%14%22%12%17%16%15%

Regular Use and Modal Choice Regular Use for PWD does not imply Modal Choice in the sense understood by transport planners & economists Additional choice constraints on PWD Regular use may be constrained by capability Classic Paradigms of Transport Planning and Economics not applicable for resource allocation in relation to PWD

Regular Mode of Transport by Typology

Regular Mode of Transport by Typology : Dublin

Regular Car Use by Disability

Regular Car Use - Rural Areas

Regular Non Car Use (Public Transport)

Regular Public Transport Use - Rural Areas

Barriers to Use of Transport

Barriers to Participation: Transport

Policy Review Findings International Context - UN Declaration Accessibility as a right – Transport for All 2005 Disability Act – 6 Sectoral Plans – Department of Transport – Department of Health & Children – Department of the Environment – Department of Enterprise – Department of Social Welfare – Department of Communications First plans in 2006, most reviewed in 2008/9

Policy Review Findings 2 Updated Transport for All document August 2013 Transport investment focussed on PT NTA mandated to implement significant change since 2009 Barriers to use of PT by PWD warrants more detailed analysis and policy response Needs of PWD not fully reflected in Spatial Planning Policy, eg NSS, NDP, RPGs, CDPs Needs of PWD not reflected in Planning Acts More coordination required between Depts inc Transport, Health, Education, DEHLG, DSP

Summary & Conclusions Research based on 2006 NDS, most recent detailed data Census 2011 requires deeper analysis to confirm impact of policy changes Barriers to Accessibility for PWD depends on where you live Challenging issues for responding to the needs of PWD esp elderly in rural areas New TFA Policy in 2013, but focus is on PT and 80% of PWD use cars More Cross Departmental Integration required in addressing of Spatial Planning dimensions

Disclaimer The National Disability Authority has commissioned and funded this research. Responsibility for the research including any errors or omissions remains with Transport and Innovation in association with SPS. The views and opinions contained in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the National Disability Authority.

Any Questions ? Contact Details: Conall Mac Aongusa Director, Transport and Innovation Ltd Mobile :