Unit 8 Prof. Hulvat CJ240

Housekeeping…. We are winding down…. We are winding down…. Late work…. Late work…. Coming up in our final unit 9 Coming up in our final unit 9 Final project: Prison plan Final project: Prison plan Need outside research here, everyone! Need outside research here, everyone! No discussion board during unit 9 No discussion board during unit 9 No quiz during unit 9 No quiz during unit 9

Unit 8 Writing Assignment Define recidivism and parole revocation. How do our current parole procedures and requirements contribute to the recidivism rate? What improvements should be made to this system? Define recidivism and parole revocation. How do our current parole procedures and requirements contribute to the recidivism rate? What improvements should be made to this system? Can be done as 10 slide minimum PPT presentation Can be done as 10 slide minimum PPT presentation ….or, max 3 page paper ….or, max 3 page paper Address both issues, recidivism and revocation Address both issues, recidivism and revocation Talk about procedures Talk about procedures Discuss potential improvements Discuss potential improvements 3 parts!!! 3 parts!!!

Tonight… In this seminar we will look at intermediate sentences and discretionary parole and their impact on corrections. We will discuss why they seem to be losing favor throughout the states and how determinate sentences are coming into play. In this seminar we will look at intermediate sentences and discretionary parole and their impact on corrections. We will discuss why they seem to be losing favor throughout the states and how determinate sentences are coming into play. Unfortunately, while this emphasizes the sentencing goals of punishment, deterrence, and incapacitation, it does very little for rehabilitation. Unfortunately, while this emphasizes the sentencing goals of punishment, deterrence, and incapacitation, it does very little for rehabilitation. Re-entry! Re-entry!

Parole….where have we been? By the 20 th century indeterminate sentences began to appear By the 20 th century indeterminate sentences began to appear Parole and indeterminate sentences have been abandoned in many states over the last 20 years Parole and indeterminate sentences have been abandoned in many states over the last 20 years “Get tough” stance toward crime Prisoner re-entry is a concern “Get tough” stance toward crime Prisoner re-entry is a concern Wow…is this where we need to be? Wow…is this where we need to be?

So, what is parole? Parole: A conditional release of inmates by parole board prior to expiration of sentence Parole: A conditional release of inmates by parole board prior to expiration of sentence Rewarding good behavior with reduction in time served initiated in 1817 in New York Rewarding good behavior with reduction in time served initiated in 1817 in New York

How effective is parole? How many offenders successfully complete terms of supervision? How many offenders successfully complete terms of supervision? Percent of offenders that do (or do not) recidivate and return to prison Percent of offenders that do (or do not) recidivate and return to prison How does discretionary release compare to mandatory release? How does discretionary release compare to mandatory release?

How does parole interface with indeterminate sentencing? Parole guidelines: reduce disparity and make decision making more understandable to the public Parole guidelines: reduce disparity and make decision making more understandable to the public Salient factor score: risk assessment or predictor of success on parole Salient factor score: risk assessment or predictor of success on parole Different agencies use different models Different agencies use different models

Determinate sentences? With determinate sentences, inmates serve shorter sentences than with parole With determinate sentences, inmates serve shorter sentences than with parole Without parole, there is no system of accountability in prison, why? Without parole, there is no system of accountability in prison, why? Problems with Moving Away from Indeterminate Sentences? Problems with Moving Away from Indeterminate Sentences? Does not eliminate prosecutorial discretion Does not eliminate prosecutorial discretion Reduce sentencing disparity by individual judges Reduce sentencing disparity by individual judges Parole boards act as safety valve for prison overcrowding Parole boards act as safety valve for prison overcrowding

Parole and community supervision…. What is involved in “discretionary release”? What is involved in “discretionary release”? Indeterminate sentence with minimum time to serve before parole eligibility Indeterminate sentence with minimum time to serve before parole eligibility Consideration of release by parole board to conditionally release offenders Consideration of release by parole board to conditionally release offenders Supervision in community under certain conditions Supervision in community under certain conditions

The gatekeepers: Parole Boards Parole board members can hold the hearings Parole board members can hold the hearings Hearing officers recommend decisions to the board Hearing officers recommend decisions to the board Inmates do not have full due process at hearings Inmates do not have full due process at hearings Inmates are questioned regarding release plans Inmates are questioned regarding release plans Presumptive parole date: date inmate can be expected to be released Presumptive parole date: date inmate can be expected to be released

Conditions of Parole? Standard and special conditions Standard and special conditions Classified to determine risk and level of supervision Classified to determine risk and level of supervision Positive contact–is a face-to-face contact with parole officer Positive contact–is a face-to-face contact with parole officer Similar to probation, can be placed on different caseloads depending on offender and the crime Similar to probation, can be placed on different caseloads depending on offender and the crime

Termination and revocation? Can be released early from parole Can be released early from parole Parolees can either successfully or unsuccessfully terminate their period of supervision Parolees can either successfully or unsuccessfully terminate their period of supervision Inmates released under discretionary parole have better success rates than mandatory releases Inmates released under discretionary parole have better success rates than mandatory releases

Revocation? If offender violates conditions of supervision, parole can be revoked If offender violates conditions of supervision, parole can be revoked Violation: failure to follow conditions of parole supervision Violation: failure to follow conditions of parole supervision Technical violations Technical violations New crimes New crimes

Steps? Steps in Revocation Process Steps in Revocation Process Determining there is a violation Determining there is a violation Possible stipulated agreement Possible stipulated agreement Notice of violation Notice of violation Possible warrant for arrest Possible warrant for arrest Preliminary hearing Preliminary hearing Full revocation hearing Full revocation hearing Reprimand/modification or return to prison Reprimand/modification or return to prison

Re-Entry? Transition from prison to society is difficult Transition from prison to society is difficult Six collateral consequences of imprisonment Six collateral consequences of imprisonment Community cohesion Community cohesion Employment and economic issues Employment and economic issues Democratic participation Democratic participation Family stabilization and childhood development Family stabilization and childhood development Physical and mental health Physical and mental health Homelessness Homelessness

Additional challenges Finding housing Finding housing Finding jobs Finding jobs Supporting families Supporting families Repairing relationships Repairing relationships

What can we do? Build on what we know Build on what we know improves success of prisoners re-entering society improves success of prisoners re-entering society Successful re-entry programs include a transition component (halfway house) and/or ones that include treatment such as substance abuse, life skills, vocational training Successful re-entry programs include a transition component (halfway house) and/or ones that include treatment such as substance abuse, life skills, vocational training

So….. Questions, comments, concerns? Questions, comments, concerns? Jenhulvat2 is AIM Jenhulvat2 is AIM