The Birthplace of Islam

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Presentation transcript:

The Birthplace of Islam MECCA AND YATHRIB The Birthplace of Islam

Middle East: Physical Geography

Middle East: Agriculture

Arabian Peninsula Jazirat al-’Arab

Arabian Peninsula: Modern States and Cities

Mecca 1945

Mecca 1850

The Kaaba (Contemporary)

The Kaaba (19th Century)

Al-Madina Yathrib Oasis Madinat al-Nabi Map 1946

Medina ca. 1945

Madina-Mt Uhud

Madina: Mosque of the Prophet ca. 1945

Madina: Mosque of the Prophet contemporary

Madina: Mosque of the Prophet contemporary (aerial)

Muhammad’s Life Key themes and problems What do we really know? The problem of sources. The Qur’an The biography composed by Ibn Ishaq (704-767) A weird “document”: the so-called Constitution of Medina

Key themes and problems Muhammad’s Arabia: oasis settlers and bedouins societies based on lineage Contacts with the outside world: Rome, Iran, Ethiopia, Indian Ocean basin In short a classic borderland

Middle East: Physical Geography

Muhammad’s Life: the traditional chronology 570 birth in Mecca: Father died before birth, mother soon after. Raised first by his grandfather, then (from age six) by his paternal uncle Abu Talib. 595 marriage to Khadija, a widow and successful merchant 610 first revelations, in cave on Mt Hira outside Mecca 614 public proclamation of the new message

Life of Muhammad (2) 619 death of Abu Talib; senior members of clan of Hashim refuse to protect him 622 HIJRA: Muhammad and his followers migrate to oasis town of Yathrib (later Medina) New confederation (UMMA) of believers established on basis of a formal compact: Meccan refugees, Medinan allies, Jewish clans in Medina as client members. Muhammad, as prophet, head of the Umma Confederation bound by religion, not kinship

Life of Muhammad (3) 624-630 War against Quraysh of Mecca Crisis points: Badr, Uhud, Trench, Hudaybiya 630: Occupation of Mecca 524-627 Conflict with the Jewish clans of Medina 628-632 Muhammad establishes paramountcy over oasis settlements and bedouin tribes of West Arabia, Yemen to Aqaba

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