Jay Court John Rutledge Washington William Cushing Washington James Wilson Washington James Iredell Washington John Blair Washington

1793 The Jay Court ruled that a citizen of another state could sue a state in the U. S. Supreme Court. Caused congress to pass the 11 th Amendment to the Constitution Jay Court

COURT ON THE MOVE THE 1790 Independence Hall 1790 City Hall

Ellsworth Court William Paterson Washington William Cushing Washington Bushrod Washington Adams James Iredell Washington Samuel Chase Washington

1798 Calder v. Bull ex post facto laws relate to criminal law not probate or civil law in general Ellsworth Court

Marshall Court Brockholst Livingston Jefferson Joseph Story Madison Bushrod Washington J. Adams William Johnson Jefferson Thomas Todd Jefferson Gabriel Duvall Madison

Marshall Court 1803 Marbury v. Madison established the Court’s right to overturn acts of Congress 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland upheld the right of Congress to create a Bank of the United States, and it advanced the doctrine of implied powers 1824 Gibbons v. Ogden defined broadly Congress's right to regulate interstate commerce.

Taney Court Samuel Nelson Tyler Joseph Story Madison Robert C. Grier Polk James M. Wayne Jackson John McLean Jackson John Catron Van Buren John McKinley Van Buren Peter V. Daniel Van Buren

Taney Court 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford The case involved Dred Scott, a slave, who was taken from a slave state to a free territory. Chief Justice Taney ruled that blacks were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court.

Chase Court Samuel Nelson Tyler Clifford, Nathan Buchanan Robert C. Grier Polk James M. Wayne Jackson Noah H. Swayne Lincoln Stephen J. Field Lincoln David Davis Lincoln Samuel F. Miller Lincoln

1866 Ex parte Milligan The Court decided that military rule could not supersede the civil courts in areas where the civil courts and government remained open and operational. “… it is the birthright of every American citizen when charged with crime, to be tried and punished according to law.” 1868 Texas v. White The court ruled that no state of the union actually succeeded from the union Chase Court

Waite Court Ward Hunt Grant Clifford, Nathan Buchanan William B. Woods Hayes Joseph P. Bradley Grant Noah H. Swayne Lincoln Stephen J. Field Lincoln John M. Harlan I Hayes Samuel F. Miller Lincoln

1876 Munn v. Illinois The Supreme Court established as constitutional, the principle of public regulation of private businesses if it was involved in serving the public interest. Waite Court

Fuller Court Edward D. White Cleveland Horace Gray Arthur Lucius Q. Lamar Cleveland George Shiras Jr Harrison David J.Brewer Harrison Joseph McKenna McKinley John M. Harlan I Hayes Henry B. Brown Harrison

1896 Plessy v. Ferguson defended the constitutionality of racial segregation in face of the “equal protection under the laws” clause of the 14th Amendment. The lone dissenter on the Court, Justice John Marshall Harlan, protested, “The thin disguise of ‘equal’ accommodations...will not mislead anyone.” Fuller Court

White Court Willis Van Devanter Taft Oliver W. Holmes T. Roosevelt Horace H. Lurton Taft William R. Day T. Roosevelt Charles E. Hughes Taft Joseph McKenna McKinley Mahlon Pitney Taft Joseph R. Lamar Taft

1911 Standard Oil Co. Of New Jersey Et Al. v. U.S. The Court dissolved the Standard Oil Trust upholding prohibitition against all unreasonable or undue restraints of trade in interstate commerce. White Court

Taft Court Willis Van Devanter Taft Oliver W. Holmes T. Roosevelt James C. McReynolds Wilson Pierce Butler Harding George Sutherland Harding Harlan F. Stone Coolidge Edward T. Sanford Harding Louis D. Brandeis Wilson

1928 Olmstead v. United States The Court ruled 5-4 that wire- tapping was not an unreasonable search and seizure within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. Taft Court

Hughes Court Willis Van Devanter Taft Benjamin N. Cardozo Hoover James C. McReynolds Wilson Pierce Butler Harding George Sutherland Harding Harlan F. Stone Coolidge Owen J. Roberts Hoover Louis D. Brandeis Wilson

Hughes Court 1935 A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States The Supreme Court struck down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's National Industrial Recovery Act, which had coordinated industrywide output and pricing.

Stone Court Hugo L. Black F. Roosevelt Felix Frankfurter F. Roosevelt Wiley B. Rutledge F. Roosevelt Frank Murphy F. Roosevelt Stanley F. Reed F. Roosevelt Robert H. Jackson F. Roosevelt Owen J. Roberts Hoover William O. Douglas F. Roosevelt

1941 United States v. Darby The power of congress over interstate commerce extends to those intrastate activities which so affect interstate commerce or the exercise of the power of congress over it as to make their regulation an appropriate means to the attainment of a legitimate end, - the exercise of the granted power of congress to regulate interstate commerce. Stone Court

Vinson Court Hugo L. Black F. Roosevelt Felix Frankfurter F. Roosevelt Sherman B. Minton Truman Tom C. Clark Truman Stanley F. Reed F. Roosevelt Robert H. Jackson F. Roosevelt Harold H. Burton Truman William O. Douglas F. Roosevelt

1952 Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, U.S. The President's power, if any, to issue the order (directing the Secretary of Commerce to take possession of and operate most of the Nation's steel mills) must stem either from an act of Congress or from the Constitution itself. There is no statute that expressly authorizes the President to take possession of property as he did… Vinson Court

Warren Court Hugo L. Black F. Roosevelt Abe Fortas Johnson William J. Brennan, Jr Eisenhower Tom C. Clark Truman Charles E. Whittaker Eisenhower John M. Harlan Eisenhower Harold H. Burton Truman William O. Douglas F. Roosevelt

1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka In the unanimous decision lead by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court invalidated the Plessy ruling, declaring “in the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place” Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall was one of the NAACP lawyers who successfully argued the case Gideon v. Wainwright guaranteed right to legal counsel in felony cases under the 6th and 14th Amendments. The Court under Chief Justice Warren continued to protect the rights of the accused New York Times v. Sullivan Upheld 1st Amendment limited libel charges against the press by public officals where malice and reckless disregard for truth could not be proven Miranda v. Arizona The police must also warn suspects that any statements they make can be used against them in court. Warren Court

1st Black justice Burger Court Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Nixon Harry A. Blackmun Nixon William J. Brennan, Jr Eisenhower Thurgood Marshall Johnson William H. Rehnquist Nixon Potter Stewart Eisenhower John Paul Stevens Ford Byron White Kennedy

1973 Roe v. Wade A woman has the right to an abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy, contending that it is part of her “right to privacy.” 1978 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke ruling affirmative action was unfair if it lead to reverse discrimination. Burger Court

Appointed by Reagan Rehnquist Court John Paul Stevens Ford Sandra Day O'Connor Reagan Antonin Scalia Anthony M. Kennedy Reagan David Hackett Souter Clarence Thomas Bush Sr. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Clinton Stephen Breyer Justice 1st Woman Reagan Clinton Bush Sr.

1996 United States v. Virginia et al. The Court holds first that Virginia violates the Equal Protection Clause by maintaining the Virginia Military Institute's (VMI's) all male admissions policy, and second that establishing the Virginia Women's Institute for Leadership (VWIL) program does not remedy that violation. Rehnquist Court