How to find your way around Modern Chemistry, pp

Treasures await!! But first, some fun… wSKFBpo&feature=related wSKFBpo&feature=related ure=player_detailpage ure=player_detailpage

Treasures await! The periodic table is like a huge treasure map! It has a wealth of information hidden in it, if you know where to look! Let’s find the broader categories… Where are the metals? The non-metals?

Metals and Non-metals

Metals and non-metals What do you notice about the metals? There are MOSTLY metals on the periodic table! Of the almost 120 elements present, only a small fraction are non-metals.

Properties of Metals Elements that are shiny, smooth and clean Solid at room temperature Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable Hammered flat into a sheet Ductile Drawn out into a wire

Properties of Nonmetals Most are gases. Some are brittle, dull-looking solids. Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature. Most are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Metalloids

Metalloids can be found along the staircase line between the metals and non-metals. What is so special about the metalloids? They exhibit properties of both the metals and the non-metals--like a hybrid of the two categories! Silicon and Germanium are especially valuable in the computer industry as material for semi-conductors.

Rows and Columns OK, now, what are the rows of the table called? What are the columns called?

Periods Rows are called “periods.” There are 7 of them on the periodic table.

Groups (a.k.a. Families) Columns are called “groups” or “families” because they are based on similar characteristics (properties). Elements in the same group look alike and even act alike, much like members of our own families do!

Let’s name the Groups! Each group/family has its own name.

Alkali Metals What’s special about the alkali metals?

Alkali Metals What’s special about the alkali metals? They’re VERY reactive and produce basic solutions when combined with water. That’s what ‘alkali’ means—BASIC!

Alkaline Earth Metals The alkaline earth metals are also reactive and also produce basic solutions in water.

Transition Metals These metals form a bridge between the really reactive metals on the left of the table and the non-metals on the right.

Lanthanide Series The Lanthanide Series is part of the group sometimes referred to as the “inner transition metals”.

Actinide Series The Actinide Series is also part of the inner transition metals. The Lanthanides and the Actinides form horizontal families, rather than vertical ones.

Boron Family

Carbon Family

Nitrogen Family

Oxygen Family Sometimes called the “Chalcogens”

The Halogens Like the Alkali Metals, the Halogen family is VERY reactive.

The Noble Gases The Noble gases form the last family in the table. What is special about them?

The Noble Gases The Noble gases form the last family in the table. What is special about them? The Noble gases don’t react! So, they were not discovered until relatively recently. Why don’t they react?

The Noble Gases They don’t react because they have 8 electrons in the outer shell! Eight is a magic number in chemistry. It represents a special stability. The Noble gases don’t need to react—because they are already stable! They are also called the Inert Gases.

An Overview

Valence Shell Electrons

Charges