The Hungarian livestock sector Tamás Szobolevszki head of unit Ministry of Agriculture of Hungary Department of Agriculture Unit of Animal Breeding Algir, 21-23/03/2016

General information on Hungarian agriculture Total area: 9,304 Mha Agricultural: 5,346 Mha

High potentials Favourable climate, abundant land endowment Diverse and developed agricultural production in the last 1000 years 9,3 million hectare land area - 7,4 million hectare productive area – Agricultural area 5,3 million hectare (58%) – Arable land: 4,3 million hectare (47%) – Grassland: 761 thousand hectare (8%) 3

Role of the agriculture in the economy of Hungary Hungarian agriculture is traditionally responsible for around 3-4% of the GDP and 4-5% of the employment. Agricultural export 7.8 billion Euros Agricultural import 4.7 billion Euros 4

Main policy objectives Main policy objectives: Develop food industry Develop horticulure, and animal husbandry In order to increase: Employment Value added production Stabilize agricultural output 5

Structure of the agricultural production Source: Central Statistical Office 6

Structure of animal output in 2014 Source: Central Statistical Office 7

Livestock (thousand) 8 Source: KSH Cattle Of which: cows Pig Of which: sows Sheep Of which: ewes Hen Of which: laying hens

Registered animal breeds in Hungary (2016)

Species Total Cattle Buffalo--11 Pig Sheep Goat8856 Horse Donkey--11 Hen (including Guinea fowl) Goose Duck Turkey7911 Rabbit61178 Carp Chinchilla1111 Honey bee1111 Pigeon1--- Total

Organization of animal breeding

Legal background Long tradition of breeding legislation: – First state studs were funded in 1785 and 1789 – In the 19 th century the first breeding associations started to work – At the end of the 19 th century the first law on animal breeding (maintaining breeding books) was accepted Main goal: ensure the high quality of breeding animals Today this is the goal too! 12

Legal background The first breeding authority network was established at the end of the 19 th century After the World War II the breeding activities were nationalized, and the state had the main role to organize the breeding in Hungary : the political system changed, and a the animal breeding was reorganized New animal breeding law in

Animal breeding law Three pillars of organization of animal breeding: – Minister of agriculture Lawmaking, international representation, supervision of the breeding authority – Breeding authority (National Food Chain safety Office) Controling the breeding process, recognition of breeding organizations, maintaining cental database, performance tests, genetic evaluation – Breeding organizations (breeding societies or enterprises) Maintaining the breeding books, executing the breeding programmes 14

Animal breeding law regulates Usage and trading of breeding animals and germinal products Performance tests, genetic evaluation Registration, marking and the collection of breeding data Management of sires (male breeding animals) Protected indigenous and endangered animal breeds Recognition of breeding organizations Regulation of breeding activities subject to authorization Sanctions

Animal breeding regulation in the EU Zootechnical regulation (today: directives) Under renewing nowreason: making the trade much easier It will be applicable only on cattle, buffalo, zebu, sheep, goat, horse, donkey, pig breeds. It will be applicable directly in every Member States (from 2018?) New animal breeding legislation shall be set up in the EU Member States until

Protected autochthonous and endangered agricultural animal breeds in Hungary

Indigenous breed Many expressions for this in the international literature for the same concept: indigenous, authoctonous, native, national, local. According to the Hungarian law: that breed which was developed in the geographical environment of Hungary, and there is a historical tradition of its breeding and keeping. (territory of Historical Hungary)

Indigenous breeds The Hungarian animal breeding law meets the requirements of EU zootechnical legislation Recognized breeding organizations Every breed belongs to a breeding organization Breeding programs (respecting the animal genetic resources) Continuous data collection on animal livestock Animal breeding authority is responsible for the monitoring Committee of Indigenous Farm Animal Genetic Resources was founded in 2007, later (2013) it became a „Council”

Indigenous breeds The minister of agriculture has the right to classify a breed into the group of indigenous breeds. Ministerial decree: cattle (1), buffalo (1), horse (8), donkey (1), pig (3), sheep (5), goat (1), hen (7), guinea fowl (1), goose (2), duck (2), turkey (2), rabbit (1)

Indigenous breeds Institutional background: Breeding organizations Breeding authority Research institutes, universities, national parks Subsidies: From EU Rural Development Fund » 500 million HUF/year (in vitro, ex situ) (~1,66 million EUR) » 700 million HUF/year (in vivo, in situ) (~2,33 million EUR)

Indigenous breeds International cooperation: FAO (GPA) ERFP (European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources): regional platform to support the in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable use of animal genetic resources and to facilitate the implementation of FAO's Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources in Europe. EU: we take part in the preparation of EU law (genetic resources, zootechnics)

Our indigenous breeds

SpeciesBreed Population of females CattleHungarian grey cattle5772 BuffaloHungarian domestic buffalo1822

SpeciesBreedPopulation of females HorseGidrán259 Hucul257 Kisbéri half-bred763 Lipicai738 Furioso-noth star585 Nóniusz605 Hungarian cool-blood874 Shagya Arabian537 Donkey Hungarian plain donkey 398

SpeciesBreed Population of females PigBlond mangalica4486 Swallow-bellied mangalica 1315 Red mangalica1697

SpeciesBreedPopulation of females SheepHortobágy (Hungarian) racka 7086 Gyimes racka2430 Milking cigája777 Cigája2860 Cikta744 GoatHungarian plain goat482

SpeciesBreedPopulation of females HenYellow Hungarian hen3063 Speckled Hungarian hen2016 White Hungarian hen807 Partridge color Hungarian hen2662 White Transylvanian naked neck hen1087 Black Transylvanian naked neck hen1084 Speckled Transylvanian naked neck hen 1023

SpeciesBreedPopulation of females Guinea fowlHungarian plain guinea fowl 1610 DuckMottled Hungarian duck697 White Hungarian duck465 TurkeyBronze turkey977 Copper turkey940 GooseFrizzled feathered Hungarian goose 1110 Hungarian goose251

Problems to solve Product = income = possibility to maintain breeds Success: Mangalica pig and Hungarian Grey Cattle Mangalica Festival, SMS system for checking the origin of meat, Grey Cattle Festival Problem: indigenous poultry breeds, horses HU-BA (Hungaricum poultry products), Model Village Program Food forgery! Labeling, SMS checking, Mangfood project (DNA checking), – National Council Against Forgery

A good example I. SMS control system (grey cattle) – On the spot you can be sure what you will buy – Sending the ear-tag number to an SMS number – Response SMS contains the validation belonging to the grey cattle breed, name of the breeder, sex and age of the animal, date and place of slaughter 38

A good example II. Mangfood project – Research programme – DNA-analizing Mangalica pig specific markers – Sampling the meat (processed meat too) to investigate the origin of that – Reliability to be developed 39

Summary It is a „fashion” to talk about agrobiodiversity, but… Raising awareness of decision makers is easier, but… Raising awareness of the public is a hard work (like environmental issues years ago) Research on conservation of animal genetic resources (cryoconservation) Many people do not understand the problem Lack of money Marketing and promoting products (no product, no income) Solving the problems… …by research …by a positive attitude …by dissemination of information (education)

Thank you for your attention!