Male Reproduction

Puberty- Stages of growth and development where males and females become capable of producing offspring. -Females 8-15 years old -Males years old Males produce their sperm after they are born Females are born with all of their ova

Sperm male sex cell stored and matured in the testes Life span hours after ejaculation million released in an average ejaculation Average male produces about 200 million sperm a day Testes temporary storage place for immature sperm takes 64 days for sperm to mature Vas Deferens tube that transports mature sperm up into the body cavity at the peak of sexual arousal Epididymis tubes that lie just above the testes temporary storage place for mature sperm organ that produces sperm

Scrotum sac that holds the testes in place regulates temperature Extreme heat will kills sperm Normal body temp: 98.6 Sperm temp: 95.5 Semen fluid ejaculated from the penis Seminal vesicles add a chemical fluid to the semen Prostate gland adds a sugary fluid to the semen Cowper's gland lubricates the urethra prior to an ejaculation contains a small amount of mature sperm Urethra tube that transports semen and urine out of the penis

Penis Male sex organ spongy erectile tissue allows penis to become erect for penetration during intercourse Bladder contains and holds urine Testosterone hormone produced by the testes helps produce sperm develops male secondary sex characteristics controls the prostate’s growth and function

Male Secondary Sex Characteristics Longer bones Stronger bones Pubic hair Testes enlarge Voice will deepen

Circumcision removal of the foreskin around the head of the penis for hygenical reasons

Testicular Self-Examination Testicular cancer kills nearly 400 people per year in the U.S., and the incidence rate of cancer of the testis has increased in recent years in the U.S. and in many other countries. The cancer is unusual in that it affects fairly young men (the average age at diagnosis is about 34 years old). It is also one of the most curable cancers, especially if caught early, and medical authorities recommend that a testicular examination be performed as part of routine medical checkups. In addition, men years old should perform a monthly testicular self- examination. A self-examination takes only a couple minutes, and it can save your life, so consult your doctor for advice and follow these steps.

Step 1 Use a mirror to examine your testicles. Sit down in a well-lit area and use a small mirror to examine your scrotum for visible lumps or swelling. A mirror is helpful because otherwise you can't get a good look at the entire scrotum.

Step 2 Feel your testicles to detect any differences between them. Hold your scrotum and testicles in the palm of one hand and feel for any differences between the testicles. It is normal for one testicle to be hang slightly lower than the other and to be slightly larger than the other, but if one testicle seems to be much larger than the other or if it seems to have an abnormal shape or hardness, it's time to see a doctor for further examination.

Step 3 Examine each testicle for lumps or swelling. Use one hand to hold your scrotum and penis in place and use the other to examine each testicle, one at a time. Gently roll the testicle between your thumb and forefinger to check for swelling, lumps, hardness, or an unusual heaviness. Do this slowly and make sure to check all around each testicle. The testicles should be smooth all around, but you will notice a soft tube, called the epididymis coming from the top of each one.

Step 4 Be on the lookout for other cancer symptoms. While an abnormality in the testes is the surest sign of testicular cancer, other symptoms, such as backache, stomach pains, coughing, or tenderness around the nipples, may be indicative of a spread of the cancer. These symptoms, of course, may accompany any number of other illnesses or injuries, so simply be aware of them and be sure to examine your testicles or see a doctor if they occur.

Prostate size of a walnut surrounds the urethra secretes much of the liquid portion of semen, the milky fluid that transports sperm through the penis during ejaculation located beneath the bladder male hormones cause the prostate gland to develop in the fetus prostate grows as a boy progresses to manhood

Prostate Cancer malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissue of the prostate may spread most common non-skin malignancy in men 2nd to lung cancer in deaths About 220,000 new cases each year (32,000 deaths) 1 in 6 men will be diagnosed 1 in 34 will die from it 1.8 million men in the U.S. are survivors of prostate cancer

Prognosis and Treatment Depends on the stage of the cancer, patient’s age, and health early prostate cancer usually has no symptoms Found during a regular checkup, using a blood test called a PSA and a digital rectal exam (DRE) Early detection is on the rise and mortality rates are declining Treatment options vary: radiation therapy, cryosurgery and surgical removal of the prostate

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer Frequent urination Inability to urinate Trouble starting/holding urination A weak/interrupted urine flow Painful or burning urination Blood in the urine or semen Painful ejaculation pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs

Testicular Cancer rare, most common cancer in males 15 to 34 highly treatable, even when spread regular self-exams help identify growths usually only one testicle

See your doctor if you have pain, swelling, or lumps in your testicles or groin area, especially if lasting longer than two weeks. Only a small % of testicular cancer is painful from the outset.

Staging the Cancer stage 1- limited to testes stage 2- spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen stage 3- spread to other parts of the body; most commonly spreads to the lungs, liver, bones, and brain.